Anorexia A Problem We All Must Face Essays - Eating Disorders

Anorexia: A Problem We All Must Face The World Book Encyclopedia defines anorexia as, one who avoids food for psychological reasons. Most experts believe that those who suffer from anorexia are starving themselves to avoid growing into adults. It is also common knowledge among these experts that anorexics want to gain attention and a sense of being special. People say that anorexia doesn't stop at affecting the victim at hand; instead, it surpasses the anorexic. Which means that anorexia affects the personality of the person; that it branches off to affect other parts of that anorexics life. Body image obsession, self-devotion, attention grabbing, selfishness, are all attributes which keenly describe anorexia in the eyes of the media and most hospital institutions. It is that view point which affect modern societies view eating disorders, and anorexia in particular. Examples can be found in the recent attention paid towards anorexia, most of this well deserved attention, however, is not positive. Sketches on television viewed by the programming of such shows as Saturday Night Live, poke fun at anorexics by making them into exactly what the media prefers them to be, and shows that all the attributes are true. Others like radio legend Howard Stern has games like Guess The Bulimic. It is things like these that make it very difficult for one suffering from an eating disorder to come out and seek help in fear of being hurt. Imagine, if you will, being in lonely, miserable cell. You have the ability to leave at anytime, and there at the door are your family and friends, encouraging you to escape. However, there is a drill bit in your back and every time you try to move, it pushes into your back. You're restrained, restricted from freedom. That is a sketchy portrayal of the eternal pain the anorexic mind suffers from. It's hardly a child trying to get attention, much less a child making a dangerous attempt to gain social acceptance. Those who treat anorexia in modern medical practice try, not to cure the eating disorder, but rather to go straight to the root of a deeper psychological problem. The number of misinformed professionals in the medical world is staggering. This can only be shown by the education they receive while in college. The information on eating disorders is vast, but woefully understudied by qualified persons. Few in the medical community have a meaningful connection with anorexia or the family of eating disorders it belongs to. The education of the general public is crucial to the development of medical treatment. If the public cares about something, the problem will get resolved in time. Like my father says, If the moon were made of gold, or some other valuable material, we would have colonies there already. This is very true in today's medical industry, if something is profitable or appealing to the public or a private investor, then there will be progress. The media does not promote the healing of anorexics in anyway, and we have too few private investors to s upport the fight against this escalating problem. The methods employed by American hospitals today to cure anorexia are equivalent to treating AIDS with cough drops. Neither will do anything to cure the disease or the person. There is no advanced knowledge of anorexia, and the treatment is treating nothing other then the sense that disease controls the person, and not the other way around. Because current medical and hospital treatment is terribly outdated and torturous to the victims of anorexia, the medical community needs to revolutionize not only the treatment of its victims, but also the education of the general public. The diagnostic criteria for anorexia by the official DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is ...refusal to maintain body weight Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even if underweight. The DSM IV also specifies two types, the Restricting type and the Binge eating/purging (self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.) type. The Restrictive type has not regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behavior. The Binge eating/purging type the person has regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behavior. Although the second type is close to Bulimia, it

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II The final ship of the Colorado-class of battleship, USS West Virginia (BB-48) entered service in 1923. Though built at Newport News, VA, it became a fixture in the Pacific for the majority of its career. West Virginia was present at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, when the  Japanese attacked. Struck by seven torpedoes and two bombs, the battleship sank at its berth and later had to be refloated. Following temporary repairs, West Virginia was sent to Puget Sound Navy Yard in May 1943 for a large-scale modernization program. Emerging in July 1944, West Virginia rejoined the fleet and participated in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific before taking part in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. In the engagement, it, and several other Pearl Harbor survivors, exacted revenge on Japanese. Though sustaining a kamikaze hit on April 1, 1945 while supporting the invasion of Okinawa, West Virginia remained in position off the island. The battleship remained active through the end of hostilities. Design The fifth and last edition of Standard-type battleship  (Nevada, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Tennessee) designed for the US Navy, the Colorado-class was a continuation of the preceding series of vessels. Developed prior to the construction of the Nevada-class, the Standard-type approach called for vessels that had common operational and tactical traits. These included the use of oil-fired boilers rather than coal and the employment of an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor scheme. This protection method called for critical parts of the battleship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored. In addition, Standard-type battleships were to have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less and a minimum top speed of 21 knots.    Though largely similar to the preceding Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class instead mounted eight 16 guns in four twin turrets rather than twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets. The US Navy had been advocating the use of 16 guns for several years and after successful tests of the weapon, conversations began regarding their use on the earlier Standard-type designs. This did not move forward due to the cost involved in changing these designs and increasing their tonnage to carry the new guns. In 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels reluctantly permitted the use of 16 guns on the condition that the new class not incorporate any other major design changes. The Colorado-class also mounted a secondary battery of twelve to fourteen 5 guns and an anti-aircraft armament of four 3 guns.    Construction The fourth and final ship of the class, USS West Virginia (BB-48) was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding on April 12, 1920. Construction moved forward and on November 19, 1921, it slid down the ways with Alice W. Mann, daughter of West Virginia coal magnate Isaac T. Mann, serving as sponsor. After another two years of work, West Virginia was completed and entered commission on December 1, 1923, with Captain Thomas J. Senn in command.   USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Newport News Shipbuilding CorporationLaid Down:  April 12, 1920Launched:  November 19, 1921Commissioned:  December 1, 1923Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  33,590  tonsLength:  624  ft.Beam:  97.3 ft.Draft:  30  ft., 6 in.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,407  men Armament (as built) 8 Ãâ€" 16  in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 2)12  Ãƒâ€" 5 in. guns4 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Completing its shakedown cruise, West Virginia departed New York for Hampton Roads. While underway, issues emerged with the battleships steering gear. This underwent repairs at Hampton Roads and West Virginia attempted to put to sea again on June 16, 1924.   While moving through Lynnhaven Channel, it grounded following another equipment failure and the use of inaccurate charts. Undamaged, West Virginia again underwent repairs to its steering gear before departing for the Pacific. Reaching the West Coast, the battleship became flagship of the Battleship Divisions of the Battle Fleet on October 30. West Virginia would serve a stalwart of the Pacific battleship force for the next decade and a half.   The following year, West Virginia joined other elements of the Battle Fleet for a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand. Moving through routine peacetime training and exercises during the late 1920s, the battleship also entered the yard to have its anti-aircraft defenses enhanced and the addition of two aircraft catapults. Rejoining the fleet, West Virginia continued it normal operations. Deploying to Hawaiian waters in April 1940 for Fleet Problem XXI, which simulated a defense of the islands, West Virginia and the rest of the fleet were retained in the area due to increasing tensions with Japan. As a result, the Battle Fleets base was shifted to Pearl Harbor. Late the following year, West Virginia was one of a select number of ships to receive the new RCA CXAM-1 radar system. Pearl Harbor On the morning of December 7, 1941, West Virginia was moored along Pearl Harbors Battleship Row, outboard of USS Tennessee (BB-43), when the Japanese attacked and pulled the United States into World War II. In a vulnerable position with its port side exposed, West Virginia sustained seven torpedo hits (six exploded) from Japanese aircraft. Only rapid counter-flooding by the battleships crew prevented it from capsizing. The damage from the torpedoes was exacerbated by two armor-piercing bomb hits as well as a massive oil fire started following the explosion of USS Arizona (BB-39) which was moored aft. Severely damaged, West Virginia sank upright with little more than its superstructure above the water. In the course of that attack, the battleships commander, Captain  Mervyn S. Bennion, was mortally wounded. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his defense of the ship.    Rebirth In the weeks after the attack, efforts to salvage West Virginia commenced. After patching the massive holes in the hull, the battleship was refloated on May 17, 1942 and later moved to Drydock Number One.   As work commenced 66 bodies were found trapped in the hull. Three located in a storeroom appear to have survived until at least December 23. After extensive repairs to the hull, West Virginia departed for Puget Sound Navy Yard on May 7, 1943. Arriving, it underwent a modernization program that dramatically altered the battleships appearance. This saw the construction of a new superstructure which included trunking the two funnels into one, a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament, and elimination of the old cage masts. In addition, the hull was widened to 114 feet which precluded it from passing through the Panama Canal. When complete, West Virginia looked more similar to the modernized Tennessee-class battleships than those from its own Colorado-class. Return to Combat Completed in early July 1944, West Virginia conducted sea trials out of Port Townsend, WA before steaming south for a shakedown cruise at San Pedro, CA. Completing training later in the summer, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on September 14. Pressing on to Manus, West Virginia became flagship of Rear Admiral Theodore Ruddocks Battleship Division 4. Departing on October 14 with Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Task Group 77.2, the battleship made its return to combat operations four days later when it began bombarding targets on Leyte in the Philippines.   Covering the landings on Leyte, West Virginia provided naval gunfire support for the troops ashore.   When the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf began, West Virginia and Oldendorfs other battleships moved south to guard the Surigao Strait. Meeting the enemy on the night of October 24, the American battleships crossed the Japanese T and sank two Japanese battleships (Yamashiro Fuso) and a heavy cruiser  (Mogami). Following the battle, the Wee Vee as it was known to its crew, withdrew to Ulithi and then to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.   While there, the battleship entered a floating dry dock to repair damage sustained to one of its screws during operations off Leyte.   Returning to action in the Philippines, West Virginia covered landings on Mindoro and served as part of the anti-aircraft screen for transports and other ships in the area. On January 4, 1945, it took on the crew of the escort carrier USS  Ommaney Bay which was sunk by kamikazes. A few days later, West Virginia commenced shore bombardment of targets in the San Fabian area of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. It remained in this area until February 10.   Okinawa Moving to Ulithi, West Virginia joined the 5th Fleet and quickly replenished in order to take part in the invasion of Iwo Jima. Arriving on February 19 as the initial landings were underway, the battleship quickly assumed a position offshore and commenced striking Japanese targets. It continued to support operations ashore until March 4 when it departed for the Caroline Islands. Assigned to Task Force 54, West Virginia sailed to support the invasion of Okinawa on March 21. On April 1, while covering the Allied landings, the battleship sustained a kamikaze hit which killed 4 and wounded 23. As the damage to West Virginia was not critical, it remained on station. Steaming north with TF54 on April 7, the battleship sought to block Operation Ten-Go which included the Japanese battleship Yamato. This effort was halted by American carrier planes before TF54 arrived. Resuming its naval gunfire support role, West Virginia stayed off Okinawa until April 28 when it departed for Ulithi.   This break proved brief and the battleship quickly returned to the battle area where it remained until end of the campaign in late June.   Following training in Leyte Gulf in July, West Virginia returned to Okinawa in early August and soon learned of the end of hostilities. Steaming north, the battleship was present in Tokyo Bay on September 2 for the formal Japanese surrender. Embarking passengers for the United States twelve days later, West Virginia touched at Okinawa and Pearl Harbor before reaching San Diego on October 22. Final Actions After taking part in Navy Day festivities, West Virginia sailed for Pearl Harbor on October 30 to serve in Operation Magic Carpet. Tasked with returning American servicemen to the United States, the battleship made three runs between Hawaii and the West Coast before receiving orders to proceed to Puget Sound. Arriving, on January 12, West Virginia commenced activities to deactivate the vessel. A year later on January 9, 1947, the battleship was decommissioned and placed in reserve. West Virginia remained in mothballs until being sold for scrap on August 24, 1959.

Should Internet Purchases be taxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Internet Purchases be taxed - Essay Example Projected estimates of lost revenue due to decrease in sales taxes collection, go as high as $55 billion by 2011. Interestingly now many of the retailers are providing option of "in store" pickup after ordering online, which ironically enforces sales tax collection as sales tax is compulsory on store pickup. (Leonard). State and local governments are worried that lost revenue may decrease their ability to provide civic services at expected levels since expected revenue from store front retail sales are being increasingly cannibalized by online retail (Yegyazarian, Anush 54). If increasingly larger amounts are siphoned off then to make up for loss either newer stream of income has to be realized (by increasing taxes) or by cutting spending (thisnation, Dec 2006). Many retailers go to great lengths to avoid physical presence in high sales tax states, because they can use a lacuna in the "laws" and save significantly on paying the sales taxes. Economist Goolsbee argues that imposing taxes on cybershopping may "could cause online sales to drop Shopping days without the avoidance of sales tax may be transient.

Drugs & Crime- Internal Restraints Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drugs & Crime- Internal Restraints - Assignment Example Self-acknowledgement acts as a cause of motivation for the individual trying to overcome the problem. In addition, motivation helps the patient to suppress the cravings for engaging in criminal behavior and drug use. Sharing the problem with other people also weakens the craving. Over a period, the individual will be able to deal with the urge systematically until they overcome the craving completely (Marlatt et al. 65). External cues are events and activities that exist within the environment of the affected individual. Certain stimuli in the surrounding of the patient can be associated with alternative stimuli (Marlatt et al. 276).The sights, sounds and smell formally associated with a craving to commit a crime or abuse drugs may imply danger. Locations previously associated with fulfillment as bars, houses where the crimes were committed or friends who took part may be subject to interpretation by the brain as a sign of danger. The individual may voluntarily desist from visiting such locations during

1917 - 1970 World History Overview Research Paper

1917 - 1970 World History Overview - Research Paper Example The United States aimed at stopping communism at costs as seen in the Truman doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin airlift, and the Korean War. All these plans did, in fact, led to the end of cold war. Containment and cold were related in that the policy of containment aimed to stop the emerging tension between the two superpowers. The Marshall Plan and cold war The European recovery program or the Marshall plan was enacted at the Paris conference to enhance economic recovery in European countries after world war two. The plan was formulated to foster and promote European production and enhance internal trade in certain European countries during this period of heightened tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Marshall plan was enacted in order to contain the growing nature of Soviet influence, especially in Czechoslovakia. From the beginning, the Soviet Union opposed this plan while other Nations in Eastern Europe ignored or denounced it. The Marshall plan was an eleme nt of foreign aid plan of the United States and it led to the economic recovery of European states during the cold war period. Truman doctrine and cold war President Harry S.   The doctrine provided that it was the duty of the United States of America to assist those people who resisted subjugation from external or internal pressures. This doctrine led to an end of America’s policy of isolationism and embraced global leadership by assisting other nations to recover from the effects of the war. The cold war on the other influenced American local or domestic policy in that the consequences of the cold war affected positively on American people in America as they had an opportunity to expand their trading activities with other democratic nations in the world.  

Evidence Based Practice Impact Of Nurses Nursing Essay

Evidence Based Practice Impact Of Nurses Nursing Essay Evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely recognised within the role of nursing. Its implementation and purpose in the delivery of care is seen as an important driver for nursing practice and clinical outcomes (Cullen Adams 2010). It has been defined as the: conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost effective health care (Burns Grove. 2007, p.4). EBP provides opportunity for nurses to ensure that clinical interventions and decisions making processes are safe and suitable for every patient group and enabling effectiveness in patient advocacy (Parahoo, 2006). An important part of practice and nursing culture, EBP should not be seen as an extra aspect to daily workload. Knowledge-base gained from pre-registration educational programmes and clinical experience should be the basis for the development of EBP (Cleary-Holdforth Leufer 2008). Nurses critically reflect daily in clinical practice with the implementation and evaluation of care and it is important to understand that this forms the foundation in research for evidence. Quick reference for guidance does not necessarily need to be a lengthy process with accessibility to intranet and local policies, protocols and best practice statements. However, the self-recognition of base knowledge and skill should be continually developed (Parahoo, 2006). Nurses require time to strive fo r answers to clinical questions, expanding clinical expertise in locating research evidence. Using critique frameworks as suggested in Burns Grove (2007), articles should be critically appraised with time spent deciding how they might apply to clinical practice. By taking a rigorous approach to appraisal, making an informed decision about the reliability and validity of sources of evidence, nurses can really look the effects in clinical practice and how the evidence can be delivered (Cleary-Holdforth Leufer 2008). Nurses working in clinical settings should really think about dilemmas or problems that come up frequently in their clinical practice that they would like to know further research and evidence for. It is expected that registered nurses should be comfortable and competent with the components of EBP such as forming clinical questions, literature searching skills, including accessing appropriate literature and showing enthusiasm in its development. Nurses need to have good resources and support from employers through providing access to library facilities containing major on-line databases such as EBSCO; Cochrane library database; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the British Nursing Index (BNI). Through the use of databases, a comprehensive literature review should be conducted to generate understanding of what is known and not known about the particular clinical problem (Cleary-Holdforth Leufer 2008). The review can allow the nurse to decide whether adequate knowledge exists allowing for change in clinical practice or whether further research is required. From this initial thought may follow development of clinical question creating ethical consideration and understanding of beliefs and values of patients and colleagues. Nurses should being with searching highest level of evidence such as systematic reviews involving the compilation and ranking of evidence according to its methodological origin (Whiting. 2009). Systematic reviews summarise the results of high quality studies, often reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Described and the gold standard to research, they identify which interventions work, those which are not as effective and where further research should be carried out. In this way, bias is reduced and the effects of treatments studied are not overestimated. By using such evidence, time will be reduced in the need for critical appraisal (Whiting. 2009). It is important to note that as nurses move forward having more autonomy in decision making and its emphasis of patient centred care there still remains lack of appreciation in best evidence for patient response in emotional, psychological and holistic understanding and focus lies within scientific interventionism. Cleary-Holdforth Leufer (2008) criticise that the described highest level of evidence fails to acknowledge research based on patient experience and perception and aspect fundamental to nursing practice. This can be viewed in clinical guidelines developed by Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), derived from systematic reviews of scientific literature all guidelines have levels of evidence statements with the highest level of evidence being meta-analyses, systematic reviews or RCTs (SIGN 2010). 640 words To apply evidence into practice it is vital for nurses to have role models that respect EBP, rather than relying on clinical expertise alone (Cleary-Holdforth Leufer 2008). They must value ideas and effectively support the process if clinical questions arise. Role models need to be enthusiastic about EBP and having positive vision about the opportunities EBP can provide when integrated into day-to-day practice. Nurses need be able to view the benefits of applying best current evidence to their practice and therefore creating a positive motivation for EBP. At all levels, nurses need to be interested in using the EBP and adopt certain practices and attitudes. These include devotion, professional pride, positiveness, courage and willingness to carry out change and commitment to continuous learning (Cleary-Holdforth Leufer 2008). The nurse will not only see maturity in professional self but also development of personal achievement and identity. Decision makers and new found knowledge needs to not only be distributed but fully utilised and the nurse must ensure that colleagues receive, read, understand and appreciate the value of and actually utilise it in their own decision-making processes and, where appropriate, alter their behaviour. As with any clinical intervention, evaluation of its effectiveness is essential and nurses must discuss with colleagues and participants Further to this assignment will be appraisal and evaluation of two papers providing critique and discussion. Each will be assessed for the appropriateness for evidence-based practice. Gethin, G. Cowman, S. (2008) Manuka honey vs. hydrogel a prospective, open label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to compare desloughing efficacy and healing outcomes in venous ulcers. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18 (3) p.466-474. Gethin and Cowman (2008) clearly seek to measure the effective comparison of two healing agents on venous ulcers and use a quantitative paradigm with two views to methods of debridement, and indicate that an RCT was undertaken. In a quantitative research study there is focus measurement of the relationship between variables (Burns Grove, 2007). Being the area of interest in the study, the variables that change over time are subject to statistical analysis. A prospective design has been decided on and to the reader indicates a collection of variable data with one or more points in the future. Macnee (2008) adds that time is a defining factor in the design of a quantitative study. In this case the time points were at week 4 and week 12 from initial baseline. A reasonable amount of information has been provided in the design title and allows the reader to be aware of the approach used. It seems that the research hypothesis is best addressed by quantifiable approach being the appropriat e design methodology for investigation. Gethin and Cowman (2008), aimed to select adults presenting with venous leg ulcers having over 50 percent of the wound area covered in slough. Further to this, they followed substantial inclusion and exclusion criteria which was clearly stated and indicated in the research including tables that could be easily understood by the reader. There could however be potential problem with this as a more tightly controlled or restricted sample could lead to limitations to clinical meaningfulness (Parahoo, 2006). The researchers goal is to avoid bias which could potentially distort findings and making it difficult or impossible to interpret results (). There is inconsistency in the description of the members in the study that could indicate bias. The researchers use both the term subject, participant and patient and to the reader, this could be questioned as to how removed the researchers were from those in the sample (Macnee, 2008). Had sample been used consistently then the reader could inte rpret this as being a distance and impersonal approach. Reassuringly the researchers state that they removed themselves from selection process and used blinded randomisation by two persons independent of the study to eliminate personal bias. Blinding refers to the group allocation and the concealment from one or more individuals involved in the research process (Karanicolas, Farrokhyar Bhandari 2010). The larger the sample size in a quantitative study, the more likely the study will apply to clinical situations and aiming to make generalisations about the larger population based on findings (Parahoo, 2006). The study uses a sample size of 108 which seems small and perhaps is unlikely to produce results of statistical significance failing to disclose the actual effectiveness of the agent used. It may have been that Gethin and Cowman (2008) failed to get enough funding to support their study or an increase in sample size would have been too time consuming. Non-probability sampling was used with recruitment of subjects attending a clinic. This type of sampling limits the extent of generalisation of the results to the population outside the research (Burns Grove, 2007). Failure to enrol the predetermined number of subjects creates limitation and restricting what a reader may learn about the study. Further to this, Gethin and Cowman (2008) did not discuss During the data collection stage of the process, there are two important considerations: the potential impact on the reliability and validity of the study. Reliability refers to how reliable the data collection methods are, this is the extent to which the selected methods will collect the same data on repeated occasions. The more consistent this is, the more reliable the methods are (Macnee, 2008). Gethin and Cowman (2008) used local clinical investigators who took part in a pretrial inter-rater reliability (IRR) study determining the level of agreement between the three raters when assessing slough as a percentage within wound bed. As the assessment was split between three data collectors, the reader could query potential differences in subjective opinion in deciding the percentage of slough within the wound bed. Thus influencing the accuracy and consistency in measurement making the measure less reliable. Validity refers to the extent to which the methods used to collect and analyse the data accurately measures what the researchers intended it would measure (Macnee, 2008). They selected to use Visitrak Digital Planimetry a tool for wound measurement. Sugama et al. (2007) explores and concludes that this type for wound measurement device was a efficient reliable system applicable for use in clinical practice improving validity of the research. It must be noted however, that this is only valid if the users are fully competent in its use. An important methodology feature of RCTs is to minimise bias and maximise the validity of the results (Whiting 2009). Gethin and Cowman (2008) failed to blind participants and data collectors due to the obvious orange staining from the Manuka honey. For a reader this is a immense flaw in the research introducing bias. The data collected in quantitative research must either be numerical or converted to numerical data and entered into a database (Macnee, 2008). Gethin and Cowman (2008) selected to use a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and further a statistician who was completely disconnected from the research in terms of collection and interaction with the subjects. This is a very positive aspect of the research and Gethin and Cowman (2008) failed to elaborate why participants pulled out from the study and a reader should be highly concerned as to what exactly happened to these subjects and question averse reactions to the chosen product. A nurse having found this during a literature review would suggest there are too many weaknesses in the research to apply this to clinical practice and decision making. A main concern is the safety of patients and I would decline to use this product until further research was carried out considering all the available evidence potentially utilising a systematic review approach. Until then, it would not influence decision making in relation to methods of debridement. This intervention applied in everyday clinical practice could potentially have adverse consequences that outweigh the potential benefits. The cost was not reported and it may be that the Manuka honey treatment is very expensive providing only small health benefits and failing to make good use of reso urces. It may have been beneficial for the researchers to provide a rough idea of the cost of producing one unit of benefit. An aspect fundamental to nursing practice is to incorporate understanding of the participants perspective about their experiences (Leufer Cleary-Holdforth 2009). This is not something that was not explored, had funding been available qualitative research, which will be explored in the next paper could have been incorporating using two design methods. 1305 words Hancock, H. C. Easen, P. R. (2006) The decision-making processes of nurses when extubating patients following cardiac surgery: An ethnographic study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. [Online] 43 (6) p.693-705.

emmitt smith :: essays research papers

Emmitt Smith & His Annual Rushing Yards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emmit Smith announced his retirement February 3, 2005. It was a very emotional moment for Smith, who has played running back in the NFL for fifteen years (thirteen of those years for the Dallas Cowboys). As Smith announced his retirement tears began to flow down his face stating â€Å"It’s been a tremendous ride.† Over his career in the NFL, Smith has racked up many impressive statistics and awards. Smith has played on three Super Bowl championship teams (including an MVP award in 1993). Smith is currently the NFL’s all time leading rusher with 18,355 yards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my derivative project I chose to graph Emmitt Smith’s annual rushing yard total. Emmitt was drafted out of University Florida in 1990 and began his career as an NFL Great. As you can see on the graph, Smith began his career slowly, amassing only 937 rushing yards his rookie year. However, his second year Smith improved to 1563 rushing yards. In his third season, Smith again improved to 1713 rushing yards. The decrease in production Smith’s fourth and fifth year (1486 and 1494 respectively) in the NFL can be partially credited to the fact Smith did not compete in all sixteen regular season games due to injuries. Smith redeemed himself the following year with a career high 1773 rushing yards. Over the next six years Smith’s age slowly caught up to him as he ranged from 1021 to 1397 yards. Finally, after his thirteenth year as a Dallas Cowboy, Smith was traded to the Arizona Cardinals. In his first year with the Arizona Cardinals (2003), Smit h was injured and played as a backup for the majority of the year. This is illustrated through his career low 256 rushing yards. However, in Smith’s final year in the NFL, he rushed for 937 rushing yards, bouncing back from a disappointing year. Strangely, Smith ended his last season with the same rushing total as his rookie season. I plotted these points in a graph in an excel document and created a line of best fit. This line was a cubic equation (f(x) = 1.4228x3 - 8533.3x2 + 2E+07x - 1E+10).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To calculate the first derivative, I found the average rate of change of Emmitt Smith’s annual rushing yards from the two years surrounding the year I was deriving. Smith’s yards per year had an increasing slope in the years 1990, ’91, ’94, ’97, ’98, and 2004.

Ethics: an Overview

Human Resource Management Summer 2009 Session B To Lie or No to Lie 1) Polygraph testing began in the early 20th century. The first celebrated case using a polygraph test was the Lindberg baby kidnapping. Polygraph tests a popular among the branches of law enforcement (FBI, CIA and Homeland Security). There are distinct advantages and disadvantages to utilizing polygraph tests in the workplace. The advantages to using a polygraph test in the workplace are that the test allows the individual(s) in question to give â€Å"their side of the story. It protects the organization from being discriminatory towards and particular group or faith. It shows employees that the organization is willing to go to great lengths to find out what has occurred. This type of action should be recorded into the employee manual to protect against any future issues. The disadvantages to polygraph testing are that employees may see the test as an infringement of their rights. The employee may refuse to take th e test, especially if it is not part of company policy. The testing could be manipulated to reflect a desired outcome. The testing is not admissible as evidence on a court of law in most states. 2) Drug testing at Team Fun is not legal in most of the United States. Before proceeding with any type of drug testing, especially any random drug testing, it is highly recommended that the organization consult with the state Department of Labor to confirm the guidelines with regard to company drug testing. The company should consider is this to be pre employment or post employment drug testing. Most drug testing is done pre employment. Policies that should be instituted around random post employment drug testing are employees (supervisory and staff) are to have educational programs about the drug testing, the drugs being tested and the event of having a positive result of a test (supervisory level education). The company should not or cannot terminate the post-employment employee for failing random drug test. This could result in litigation against the organization. In the event of a positive drug test, the company is to recommend or provide counseling or rehabilitation for the employee found to be an addict to one of the drugs in the screening process. ) In the case of a pre employee submitting to a random drug test the following steps are to be taken. 1) The employee filled out the appropriate applications and paperwork, the employee is to proceed to the outside vendor for completion of the drug test. Once the results are received. 2) The next phase of the employee hiring process takes place. In the case of a pos t hired employee submitting to a random drug test the following steps are to be taken. 1) The employee is to report to an offsite third – party vendor to complete the drug screening (this can be by blood, by urine or by saliva). ) Once the resulted are founded and if the findings are negative, employee is free to resume his/her duties for the organization. If the results are found to be positive, the HRM department begins to take steps to give the employee the best care possible and the best references within the scope of their influence. 4) The organizational issues that are relevant to this discussion are the mission of the organization, the lack of discipline within the organization, the lack of written and enforced policy of the organization as well. The leadership wanted to institute an organization of levity, of positivity and of fulfillment for its employees. This all well and good, a company must establish guidelines for its employees to function to the best of their abilities and to feel that sense of â€Å"fun† within those constraints. Having no disciplinary policies put this organization at risk for litigation from disgruntled employees and for any issues of thievery, disrespect and absences. You can have a positive and fun environment, as long as all parties understand the rules of the game and how to play the game.

An Unexpected Life Essay

An Unexpected Life Essay An Unexpected Life Essay Kayla Lubbers ENG 4U Mrs. McIntosh Sunday, January 20 An Unexpected Life In the novel The Book of Negroes written by Lawrence Hill, there is a lot of detail and description throughout the story; some moments being very graphic while others are peaceful and at ease. Hill gives a lot of detail and understanding to the reader of what is happening through literary techniques such as imagery, symbolism and themes to establish a relationship between the reader and the characters. Hill brings a lot of imagery into the readers mind allowing them to mentally visualize and be aware of what is happening in the scenes: â€Å"The medicine man also carried a fire in a container. Everywhere I turned, men were lying naked, chained to each other and to their sleeping boards, groaning and crying. Waste and blood streamed along the floor boards† (Hill 63). For â€Å"men [to be] lying naked† is completely unnatural. It is not normal for men to be so close especially after others strip them of their clothes; not just their clothes but their di gnity and rights as men. It is utterly shameful and depressing. This shows the brutality of these slave traders and what these slaves go through in dealing with their grim travels. These men were all â€Å"chained to each other† and unable to escape. Where one goes the rest must follow no matter what choice they had; they had no privacy or space. The way the slave traders demean the Africans brings clarification to the readers of how horrific the treatment is towards them. Just like these men have their clothes and dignity taken from them, Aminata also is put to shame by her owner Appleby, on his plantation. Appleby beats her, strips her clothes from her, rapes her, and shaves her head bald. All her pride and happiness he takes from her just like all the men on the ships, having their dignity and human rights taken from them. All these men â€Å"groaning and crying† as they travel farther and farther from their homeland in Africa is depressing. The slave traders strip these men of everything they have until there is literally nothing left for them but the air around them to breathe; and yet that is still not satisfying at all, being surrounded by dead, rotting bodies and human waste. Crying seems to be the one simple task left for them to do. These men cry not only because they are full of fear and sadness, but they cry as though they are calling out for help; like they believe someone out there is able to hear them and will come save them from the nightmare they are living. They seem like newborns coming into the world, only to cry for attention and help. These men are like babies coming into the new world that they are witnessing around them. For a person to be laying in â€Å"waste and blood† is extremely horrific. These men on the ships have no choice but to live the brutal life they now have with no way out and no escape. With these terrible conditions that they are living in, they are getting ill with sickness and dying faster than anyone would expect; being surrounded by other dead bodies, uncleanly air and little food and water. Having these men and women huddled close is a sad situation but for other times its necessary: â€Å"A bunch of us huddled together to sleep on the cold, hard sand . . . Never in Bayo had I seen numerous men and women all sleeping together. It never would have been tolerated. But here on this island, pooling our warmth in a nest of bodies gave us comfort† (Hill 108). All of the men and women together on the strange island are left to freeze throughout the night while slave traders have their own separate and warm places for sleeping. The one way the slaves were capable of staying warm was to use body heat with one another. The reader is able to understand this with the thought of a baby needing the warmth of its mother to keep calm and happy. It allows the baby to feel safe just like the slaves do when brought close together for warmth and safety. For this kind of behaviour to â€Å"never [be]

Sula Analytical Essay

Sula Analytical Essay Sula Analytical Essay Ms Cherry 11/10/12 English 8 Sula Analytical Essay Everywhere in the world setting plays a huge part in a person’s behavior, view on things and perspective on life. Daily things that go around anyone’s neighborhood affects them every day even if they don’t notice it whether it’s immediate or long term. In the book Sula setting affects the way that two characters (Jude and Sula) in the book react to other characters in the book as well as how they survive and get by the struggles during that time. The setting affected the way Jude would be able to earn money for himself and his family. For Sula the setting affected the way she’d be able to commute and survive around the neighborhood, she faced lots of criticism and distractions which wasn’t good for her in the long run. Setting affects everything you do in your life as long as you’re residing there and that was proven in the novel Sula by Toni Morrison. One main reason that Jude was affected by setting was because he wasn’t able to obtain a certain job because of his skin color. His environment and surroundings didn’t allow him to get that opportunity and that upset him. If he was to live in an area where black people were appreciated or wanted at that time it’d make it much easier for him to obtain that job and do what he planned on doing which explains how important a person’s setting plays into their life. Sula’s setting affected her simply because women were looked down on during this time and Sula’s decisions around the town weren’t making it any easier

Operation Management Week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operation Management Week 6 - Assignment Example Traditionally, five major concepts are considered in project management. These concepts form the project management processes prescribed by the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The five concepts are initiation, planning or design, production or execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing (David and Cleland, 2006). From the diagram below, it would be noted that some of the concepts are independent, whiles other depend on others. There are also some that interrelate to each other. On the whole, the concepts are in place to ensure that at every point in time, there will be a systematic way of approaching projects to achieve the goals of process improvement. Examples of projects that have been conducted following the concepts of project management and the success that came out of these projects continues to be an inspiration for others to follow the concepts. A typical example of such project can be cited as the Walt Disney Companys Theme Parks, which was carried out using the ITIL initiative of project management. Carried out in 2010, the project has become one of the finest examples of projects that met project management core concepts (The APM Group and The Stationery Office,

THE HUMAN BODY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THE HUMAN BODY - Coursework Example Mr. Kile's coronary arteries were reported to have been 80-90% blocked which led to oxygen deficiency in the myocardium which therefore resulted in the permanent damage of the heart muscle. The affected part of the heart potentially triggered electrical activity which led to ventricular fibrillation (Starr, 2013). This fibrillation can be described as an uncoordinated twitch instead of the regular rhythmic pumping of the heart. Therefore, the heart is unable to fulfill its role of supplying blood to the rest of the body. How are arteries different from veins and capillaries? Describe the functions of both arteries and veins Arteries, veins and capillaries differ both in their histological composition and their functions (Starr, 2013). The walls of arteries and veins are comprised of three layers whilst those of capillaries are only one cell thick. However, the arterial and venous walls differ in their structure as arteries have a thicker tunica media than that of veins (Starr, 2013). This is mainly due the the fact that arteries carry blood away from the heart hence the blood has a higher pressure than that in the veins which is carried towards the heart. Veins also have a wider lumen due to the low pressure in venous blood (Starr, 2013). They also possess several valves to prevent the back flow of blood. Apart from the umbilical and pulmonary arteries and veins, arterial blood is always oxygenated and and venous blood is always dehydrogenated. In summation, the main function of arteries is to supply oxygen and nutrients to different tissues in the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood from these tissues to the heart (Starr, 2013). Vertebrates and some invertebrates have a closed circulatory system. Explain the advantage of having a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system? An open circulatory system is characterized by the heart pumping blood into the hemocoel, which is localized between the endoderm and ectoderm (Pittman, 2011). This flu id is often referred to as hemolymph and is distributed to tissues and organs through ta system of interconnected sinuses. Animals with this type of circulation often have low blood pressure and a high volume of blood in comparison to their bodies (Pittman, 2011). A closed circulatory system is comprised of a heart and a vascular system. The organs and tissues are not directly bathed in the blood. This system as a more complete separation of function than that of an open circulatory system (Pittman, 2011). A closed circulatory system enables the organism to survive with lower volumes of blood. A closed circulatory system also enables more control over the blood supply to different parts of the organism. Animals with a closed circulatory system also have a higher metabolic rate. The closed circulatory system is also advantageous in the sense that it is able to include the process of ultrafication in blood circulation. In the closed circulatory system, the pulmonary and systemic circu lations can respectively maintain their optimum temperatures (Pittman, 2011). Briefly explain how the lymphatic system is associated with the circulatory system? There are many interrelations between the circulatory and lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is involved in the removal of interstitial fluid from different tissues and is also