Diet and Nutrition Case Study

fast and Nutrition Case StudyWarda Abdulkadir AhmedDiet and DigestionTAQ 1)3 day repast cut downk for pregnant get downThis repast plan for an expectant mother was designed as firstly the calorie intake required routine is increased to supply the placenta and fuck offing baby the required energy to grow healthily. An estimated 300 more calories in the second and third trimesters. I start chosen nutriments luxuriously in iron and folic acid as these atomic issuing 18 needed in abundance by both mother and baby. A pregnant woman needs 60mg of protein and 1200mg of calcium I have desire to incorporate this through lean servings of meat and tilt daily as intimately as porridge oats with milk.Three day meal plan for aged male patientNutrition is an important determinant of health in an elderly person. I chose this meal plan as the meals are economic crisis in robust, refined scraping and sodium, and high in essential nutrients such as fibre, vitamins and minerals. Follow ing this meal plan helps the individual avoid gout, stroke, high occupation pressure, heart disease arthritis, placecer, respiratory disorders, and difficulty in sack s alikels, obesity and type 2 diabetes. One major concern in an elderly person is obtaining sufficient tranquil intake.3 day meal plan for Teenage AthleteCase in point ordinary height and tip of 17 year old male to be 510 and 10 stones/63 kg This body fix index falls in the 50th percentile of the mean modal(a)Taking into account middling male calorific requirement (2500 calories), this is to be exceeded by around 35 65 % based on exceeded average energy expenditure for gymnastic performance/training as well as a general faster metabolic rate for a teenage male opposed to a mature male. The meal plan incorporates 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day and a higher than average protein content mostly made up of chicken and fish and scarce one portion of red meat as to reach the protein doorway from a high er proportion of red meat is deemed generally as un whole, causing over a considerable period higher blood pressure and increased risk of stomach and bowel cancer. Due to the athletic activities to be undertaken t here(predicate) is an emphasis on consuming fluids and an redundant and wide-ranging selection of carbohydrates is consumed daily. The nutrition is low in saturated fat and sugarTAQ 2)Type 2 diabetes can result from an inadequate diet, an inadequate diet can be defined as a wishing, and a deficiency can be too great or too lower-ranking of one specific viands group in a healthy diet. Too much sugar in a persons diet is a major factor in contributing to the ontogeny of type 2 diabetes. Specifically sucrose, sucrose and sugar are non actually required by the body so their consumption can be deemed as a deficiency in itself. Furthermore the excess consumption of sugar can lead to an increase in weight and obesity which in turn increases the likelihood of developing ty pe 2 diabetes. Higher than normal blood glucose levels cumulatively over a long period leads to insulin resistance.Atherosclerosis, the clogging of the arteries can be a secondary military group of having type 2 diabetes but in most cases is caused by too high a fat content in ones diet, more specifically consuming too much saturated fat often found in do byed foods and a lack of unsaturated fats with high density lipids and beneficial cholesterol lowering military group on the body. A diet with a frequency of fruit and vegetables has a negating effect as well as oily fish, nuts and set outs, sunflower and seed oils.Rickets is usually caused by a lack of vitamin D and/or calcium. Physiologically most of our vitamin D comes from sunlight not our food and the process of calcium absorption is very dependent on vitamin D levels in the body. However we do garner some vitamin D from food. Eggs, oily fish and cereals are all good sources of vitamin D and deficiencies in these food type s unheeding of UV exposure could contribute to the onset of rickets. Milk and other dairy farm products have the highest calcium content and a lack of dairy as well as green vegetables such as broccoli and scribble can have a detrimental effect on calcium uptake in the body.TAQ 3)Digestion is necessary as it breaks down the size of food to make digestion a more efficient process food is disquieted down into smaller constituent parts so the progress field for the active sites for enzymes to occur increases. Proteins are broken down into peptides, which are wherefore broken down into single amino acids that allow absorption into the blood stream through the small gut. Absorption occurs when the food enters the body as the food molecules pass through a layer of cells and into the bodies tissues. This occurs in the small intestine which has many villi that are specialised for absorption. Assimilation occurs when the food molecules becomes part of the bodies tissue.b)TAQ 5)The d igestive tract, consisting of the stomach, small and large intestines. The stomach is made of three layers of smooth ponderosity fibres, an outer layer of longitudinal fibres middle layer of round fibres and an interior(a) layer of oblique muscle fibres. This arrangement allows for the churning effect of gastric activity.When the stomach is empty the mucous membrane lining is thrown into folds or rugae when the stomach has contents these folds are ironed out.Numerous gastric glands are determined below the surface in the mucuous membrane.The small intestine as well has layers,the peritoneum is a double layer and connects the jejunum and ileum to the abdominal wall.The attatchment is short and fan shaped,large blood vessels and nervousness pass between the two layers.Their is also a mucousa present here it contains villi and microvill it has a large surface area and many folds.Their are circular folds which act to mix chyme,the villi in this mucousal layer contibute to final stages of digestion.There are also lymph nodes within the mucousa which release defense cells against ingested antigens.The large intestine also has a mucosa made of simple columnar epithelial tissue. The mucosa is smooth, dissimilar the small intestine lacks villi however it does have a large number of mucous glands secreting mucus into the hollow lumen as to lubricate the surface of the large intestine and protect it from rough food particles. Surrounding the mucosa is a layer of blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue, the submucosa, which is there to contribute the other layers of the large intestine.The muscularis layer surrounds the submucosa and contains many layers of visceral muscle cells that contract bridge and move the large intestine.Finally, the serosa forms the outermost layer. The serosa is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial tissue that secretes watery serous fluid to lubricate the surface of the large intestine. protecting it from friction between a bdominal organs and the surrounding muscles and bones of the lower torso.ReferencesGerard J. Tortola, Mark Nielsen Principles of Human mannequin, thirteenth Edition December 2013 2014http//www.valuepenguin.com/nutrition. Last accessed 10/03/2015John Evans, Alison Lansley and Michael J. Sanderson, (2006), Biology A levelRichard Parsons (2010) AS/A2 Level Biology AQA Complete Revision useSmith, A. (2012). Get instant biology help. Available http//www.tutorvista.com/biology/ Last accessed 05/03/2015Waugh, Anne and Grant, Allison (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness. (10th edition). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.