What Problems Are Facing Alexandra Near Johannesburg Environmental Sciences Essay

What Problems Are Facing Alexandra Near Johannesburg surroundingsal Sciences EssayThe pay heed Alexandra was the name of a bring forthers wife who in 1905 trans stimulateed his dairy farm into a township and named it after his wife. Over the last century Alexandra has been mental hospital to umteen paltry immigrants looking for disclose standards of sustainment, waging their alive(p)s in the city of Johannesburg, as well as known as the place of gold. correspond to Alexandra reformation cipher(2006), Alexandra has grown to a population of approximately 350 000 masses, squeezed into an argona of about 800 hectargon and still showing no sign of decrease. This pattern of urban migration is painted across the history of Alexandra and was influenced by many a(prenominal) political events, one of which is the outbreak of the Second World warf be in 1939, when extensive labour was needed for widespread expanding of the industrial and commercialised sectors, empowering the for ce of urban migration. Alexandra even endured through the struggles of apartheid to become home to a diverse population of urban poor settlers. Alexandra Re recental Project(2006) states that Alexandra had until recent developments, a huge amount of liberal dwellings where estimates trampd from 34 000 upwards. so the township of Alexandra has a proud exclusively tragic history, which ushered it into the new century in grand need of regeneration. This paper exemplifies the pass char telephone numbereristics of Alexandra, a unsophisticated area locate on the ridge of Santon a rich suburb. Alexandra also is in close-fitting proximity to the major stinting hub of Gauteng, the city of Johannesburg. This article foc pr conductice sessions on the abbreviation of the situation before long found in Alexandra, which was undertaken through a in depth field study. In addition, this paper verbalisees the amicable and economic benefits that the civilize of civil engineers foot pre sent to Alexandra to elevate it from slum posture. This will be done by defining the concept of a slum and furthermore examining the situation in Alexandra.(Alexandra renewal project,2006 Morris,2000 Bonner Nieftagodien,2008).The term slum identifies with a range of low income settlements and poor standards of support. furthermore, according to UN-HABIT (2007) a slum could be delimitate as a heavily populated urban area characterised by low standard house and squalor. This apparent ill nature of slums submit many asking why do slums make up? According to UN-HABIT (2007) slums outlive because of a number of forces. near of these consist of rapid rural-to-urban migration, increasing urban p everywherety, inequality and globalisation. Applying these concepts to S.A its easy to see why Alexandra fell into the abyss that is slum status. With the advent of a new democratic government in 1994, flock in search of newly promised jobs pee flocked into the major hubs of S.A., wh ich dramatically change magnitude the rate of unskilled labour migrating to major cities, thus demonstrating rapid rural to urban migration. Furthermore UN-HABIT (2007) explains that the boom and busts of the economy such as that of S.A. stir up inequality and distribute new wealth unevenly , which hence contribute to the enormous growth of slums such as Alexandra. (Bonner Nieftagodien,2008 UN-HABIT,2007)The unify Nations adult male Settlements Programme(2006) specifies a slum to be an area or suburb to be deprived of nettle to safe water unsecure residential status, inadequate rile to sanitation and other alkali poor structural quality of housing and overcrowding. That is, if anyone of these defining characteristics are found in an area, that area is to be classified advertisement as a slum. Alexandra status in relation to these characteristics will be discussed down the stairs.Water and sanitation are key factors in the elevation of Alexandra from slum status. The ever increasing population growth within Alexandra, has overladen the bag to a point where water pressures are too low and stools oftentimes over head for the hills. In the areas with the postgraduateest density of informal settlements within Alexandra, water is peaceful by navigating breakneck paths between closely spaced shacks and collecting it from overloaded taps. These water taps do not have adequate drainage, wherefore water is left to flow between shacks. Moreover, pools of stagnant water form. According to United Nations Environment Programme(2000) these stagnant water pools are ideal grooming habitats for disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Because of this apparent pretermit of drainage systems below the informal settlements of Alexandra, passel tend to disperse of drive off water into these water counsels that flow between the shacks, causing ill smelling odours to settle and tumble way for water borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid and parasitic wo rms to thrive.( United Nations Environment Programme,2000 )Sanitation service play important role in rose-cheeked environment especially in areas deal Alexandra which are delimitate as slums. According to Barnes et al,(1999,p13) census data, 81% of the households in Alexandra have access to aflush or chemical toilet, 1% of households use pit latrines and approximately 15% use the bucket latrine system. The informal homes of Alexandra are not connected to the formal waterborne cloaca system, thus chemical takeout toilets service residents. These portable toilets are usually located next to streets on the outskirts of the informal settlements or shacks. These toilets are located in this way because at that place are no access roads nor space between the informal housing for municipal run to collect sewer waste from these toilets. As a result residents have to navigate dangerous pathways to get to these sanitation services. Mirriam a person who currently lives (guide) explains that as these passages become dangerous to navigate at night, thus people tend to desiccate into bags and discard them into these narrow passageways, which attributes to countless diseases and the appalling stench in the area. The lack of access also inhibits waste collection services to collect waste between the shacks, resulting in poor waste removal services in the area. Because of this, the overall area is contaminated by waste lying around, furthermore the lack of waste collection attracts disease infested vermin and animals, worsening health conditions within the slumThe congestion and overcrowding in Alexandra act as a catalysts to all problems found in the area. Overloading in informal settlements, hostels and along the banks of the Jukskei river make living conditions stressful, unhealthy and dangerous. The unplanned nature and the overpopulated basis usage, has forced some settlers to build informal housing below the outflow line of the Jukskei River and in some instan ces on severe slopes. According to United Nations Environment Programme(2000) during January 2000, unusually heavy rains precipitated and 120 informal households were washed away. In addition to over usage, structures have been built over previously installed sewer lines and manholes that make access for maintenance a tedious endeavour. Moreover, the overall high density of the informal settlements cause amplify the spreading of disorder like fires and diseases. Recent news reports that a devastating fire on 2 May 2011, killed three people and left 5000 people destitute living in Masiphumelele township, civil organisation in the informal settlement blame the high density of settlement and lack of access roads to be responsible for the sheer scale of devastation within the township. (Alexandra renewal project,2006 especial(a) interest meeting in Urban Settlement,2001 Eye Witness News,2011)The Childrens dreadedct of S.A. , according to New Africa Education(2004) states that al l children have a right to a safe environment and the right to recreational facilities so that children can be children. Alexandra is home to thousands of families, the Alexandra Renewal project (2006b) observes that over 120 000 children ranging from ages 2-18 years live in Alexandra. The slum conditions in Alexandra hinder children to develop into skilled professionals. That is, the over utilisation of the space available causes children to have nowhere to play and so compel them turn to dangerous streets to occupy themselves. For some of the children who live on the opposing side of the Jukskei river, going to school comprises of having to wade through the Jukskei r river as links crossing the river are too far away. Some of the valiant students cross the river by walking across a course that spans the river, this perceptibly is a dangerous feat and place children in gratuitous danger. Alexandra has access to electricity, but many illegal connections exist, these galvanizing connections pose another(prenominal) threat to children as substations are insecure and present a big danger to children with easy access available. These connections also give way to many fire hazardous in Alexandra.All aspects mentioned clearly classify Alexandra as a slum in accordance to the defining characteristics specified earlier. It was seen that Alex illustrates lack of access to water and sanitation, consists of non durable housing built on dangerous areas where insecure tenure is definite and that overpopulation gives way to in qualified living areas and dangers to children. Furthermore this in depth look at the situation in Alexandra emphasizes the dire need of a new age of renewal, hope and upliftment in this area. When reviewing the aspire of this paper it dictates that some form of solution to the uplift Alexandra from slum status imposed by the civil engineering will be addressed. Consequently these aspects will be argued below.Investments in civil engineering pr ojects can substantially increase living standards within Alexandra. The Alexandra Renewal Project(ARP) is one of eight projects that form part of S.A. Integrated Sustainable Rural Development and Urban Renewal Programme, enforced by President Mbeki in 2001. This programme is an approach to address urbanisation and housing challenges in S.A. According to Alexandra Renewal project (2001) the figure in 2001 for the ARP was estimated to be R1.7 billion over seven years. The Alexandra Renewal Project includes extensive use of civil engineering skills to promote the Alexandra from slum status. particular(prenominal) Interest Group in Urban Settlement (2001) points out that improvements in sanitation and water services can be identified as imperative to the elevation of Alexandra. This could be achieved by firstly overcoming the general overloading of the gutter system. By investigation it was found that civil engineers can construct new interceptor sewers which will connect to a new o utgoing sewer carrying sewerage off to the bulk sewerage system. According to Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement (2001) if such a system would be in place, it could provide adequate services to slum dwellers. The location and alinement of these new sewers is vital because for such a system to run adequately, there has to be access to manholes and pipes to provide maintenance services. Consequently this would mean astir(p) the alignment of informal houses. Moreover, the construction of ablution blocks on the side of streets, instead of the portable chemical toilets, would therefore mean the elimination of poor level of service and high maintenance costs of chemical portable toilets. The ARP included the upgrading of the outfall sewers in Alexandra between 2001 and 2004. The rehabilitation of water systems is closely linked to the treatment of the sewerage system, as it would be easier to install improved water lines in pairing with sewerage. The civil engineers attended to the low water pressures by upgrading water mains and by the construction of a new water reservoir, this formed part of the ARP. (Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement,2001 Alexandra Renewal project,2010 )The improvement of building infrastructure can transform Alexandra into a thriving urban area. Civil engineers can contribute by installing building infrastructure in a planned way, this includes the realignment of properties into small narrow stands. Which therefore results in the decrease in high densities of land usage and improves accessibility into Alexandra. Improved accessibility promotes better living conditions, as waste services are able to buy the farm between housing. Building infrastructure in the ARP included the construction of many buildings which act to improve social and economic status of the people living in Alexandra. These buildings includes construction and improvement of police stations, people centres, 1400 housing units, 350 social housing units, Ale xandra transit village and Marlboro transit village upgrade. These building improvements give owners a secure tenure which in turn spur them to keep abreast and invest in these building. The installation of this infrastructure give place to economic behaviour to form and to forester a spirit of entrepreneurship within Alexandra, as small business and educational services arise. The ARP included centres which is called clusters where slum dwellers are able to attain marketable skills such as care thespian skills, tourism skills and construction skills.( Alexandra Renewal project,2010 )Social end economical benefits do not only come in the form of new buildings but also includes the improvement of road and overall infrastructure. This includes the construction of recreational park and sport fields, upgrading of roads, widening of London bridge, construction of a prosy bridge across the Jukskei river and the improvement of storm water drainage. These improvements influence the socia l and economic aspects of Alexandra. The improvement of roads give Alexandra access to business markets outside of Alexandra, the pedestrian bridge relieve children from the dangers of crossing the Jukskei river and parks and sports fields remove people from a sense of squalor.( Alexandra Renewal project,2010 )To conclude, this essay depicts the situation found in Alexandra, an area defined as a slum. It was found that slums mainly exist due to rapid rural to urban migration, high levels of inequality and globalization. Moreover, slums where defined by the lack of the access to water, sanitation, durable housing, secure tenure and sufficient living areas. It was then illustrated that Alexandra can be characterised as a slum, because of its poor quality of water and sanitation services. Furthermore congestion proved to act as a catalyst to other problems such as unsafe tenure and spreading of diseases . Also, dangerous aspects such as illegal electrical connections and inadequate lac k of infrastructure was illustrated.

Impacts on the Retail Fuel Price in Malaysia

Impacts on the sell Fuel Price in MalaysiaBackground description of retail burn bell in MalaysiaAccording to the local news on 7 March 2013, the retail uptake of RON 97 entrust be RM2.90 per l when it was previously RM2.70. Mean man, the retail terms of RON95 carcass unchanged as it is subsidise by the presidential term. In May, a 20 sen drop incurred for RON 97 per cubic decimetre. in that location was no change in damage for RON 95 and diesel motor.On kinfolk 2, 2013, Malaysias Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Razak announced that the footing of diesel and RON95 petrol would extend by 20 sen (Bridel Lontoh, 2014) joining neighboring Indonesia to threaten investor confidence in any case curbing in subsidies (Chong, 2013). in that respect was a 20 sen damage incremental to 2 Ringgit per litre for diesel and the new wrong for RON 95 is RM 2.10 per litre from RM 1 (Lim, 2013). The hike was to prevent financial leakage and misappropriation of the subsidise provid e, said Tun Dr Mahathir Mohmad, reportsBernama (Phung, 2014). The retail price of RON 97 continued to increase by 15 sen (Lim, 2013). In November, the price of RON 97 had gone down to RM2.75 per litre from the existing RM 2.85 per litre (Lim, 2013).On the first month of 2014, the price of RON 97 went up 5 sen to RM2.80 per litre. An sepa drift 5 sen was incurred for the price of RON 97 in the following month. In March, the previous price of RON 97 brought up with a new retail price of RM2.90. The RON 97 price decreased with a 5 sen to RM 2.85 per litre. (Lim, 2013)On 9th September, the price of RON97 dropped by 10 sen to RM2.75 per litre. (Lim, 2013). Royal Malayan Customs Department senior assistant director Ishak Daud toldSin Chew Dailythat there is an addition of 80 to 85 zero- layd items. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak announced that diesel and LPG allow be exempted from the Goods and Services Tax (GST) taking effect in April 2015 (Tan, 2014). The prices for RON 95 pe trol and diesel will slightly increase by 20 senon 2 October, announced by the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer (Sze, 2014). The sunshine reported that Political party PAS urged for an increase in price for two petrol and diesel, to allow petrol station operators compete with each new(prenominal) (Lim, 2014). Theprices of petrol and diesel were indicated to drop until January of next year (Lee, 2014).In short, the represent in 2013 shows theres an upward trend for Ron95 and diesel where theres a rise in 20sens on 3 September. However, the render price for Ron97 fluctuates between a low of RM2.70 and a peak of RM2.90 beforehand ending at RM2.75 at the end of the year. In 2014, there was a plateau in fuel price for Ron95 and diesel from January to September and then(prenominal) it increase stepwise. For Ron97, the fuel price rises since January but then fell gradually after June.Fuel price in Malaysia between 2013 to 2014 (Galvin, 2015)DateRon 97 (RM)Ron 95 (RM)Diesel (R M)10 Jan 20132.70 (-0.05)1.90 ( )1.80 ( )7 Mac20132.90 (+0.20)1.90 ( )1.80 ( )22 May 20132.70 (-0.20)1.90 ( )1.80 ( )3 Sep 20132.70 ( )2.10 (+0.20)2.00 (+0.20)5 Sep 20132.85 (+0.15)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )14 Nov 20132.75 (-0.10)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )8 Jan 20142.80 (+0.05)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )7 Feb 20142.85 (+0.05)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )7 Mac 20142.90 (+0.05)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )6 Jun 20142.85 (-0.05)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )9 Sep 20142.75 (-0.10)2.10 ( )2.00 ( )2 Oct 20142.75 ( )2.30 (+0.20)2.20 (+0.20)19 Nov 20142.55 (-0.20)2.30 ( )2.20 ( )1 Dec 20142.46 (-0.09)2.26 (-0.04)2.23 (+0.03)NoteRon 95 and diesel are subsidies by government, while pricing of Ron 97 is determined according to securities industry forces.Ron 92 remains at RM1.70 since 16 Dec 2008Determinant for retail fuel priceDemand and impart of arrant(a) anoint The cosmoss biggest economies much(prenominal) as the United States, consumes most anoint in the world. The other(a) worlds largest rock anoint consumer includes Japan, Canada and South Korea ( Gethard, 2008). However, the country that plays the biggest role in anoint inhalation is chinaware. In 2013, China surpassed the United States becoming the worlds largest importer of crude crude oil as they took up one-third of growth in the orbicular penury (Eia.gov, 2014). As China is currently a dynamic and fast-growing economy, Chinas demand and usage of oil grows rapidly. The development of the countrys economy sess be seen in Chinas increase number of factories and growth in number of people driving cars (Wagner, 2008). As China economy starts developing rapidly only these recent years, their oil reserves are non as much compare to other developed economies deal the United States who had reserved oil for many years, thus Chinas has extensive demand for oil from the global food market. This increase demand has contributed to the rise of global crude oil price which has indirectly raise retail fuel prices in Malaysia.Organization of Petroleum trade Countries (OPEC) i s a body that has great influence over the worldwide price of oil which compriseof 12of the worlds largest oil producing nations (Gethard, 2008). Since there is a shortage of the worldwide oil merchandise, OPEC as the biggest oil supplier reduces the amount of oil contributed to the world market and manipulate the selling price of oil per barrel. Besides, semipolitical conflicts in Libya sustains its crude oil production further leading worldwide oil supply to decrease (Batovic, 2014). With uncertainty of supply, countries compete with each other for crude oil supply and this rising demand increases the price of crude oil. The global market now has to even up at a higher price for the very(prenominal) amount of oil. As the cost of purchasing crude oil price increases, the Malaysia government increases the retail fuel price to the citizens.Foreign transfer rateBeca practise the world crude oil price is set in US Dollars, the conversion of world oil price into Malaysia ringgit ch anges every day in the foreign exchange rate market. Suppose there is a glisten in Malaysias ringgit against the US dollar on the world currentness exchanges, Malaysia has to pay more to purchase the same amount of fuel from the global market. Example the increase from US$1.00 = RM3.50 to US$1.00 = RM3.75 indicates a depreciation in Malaysia dollar. As the cost of purchasing crude oil increases, this implies citizens excite to pay more for the same amount of fuel too. The foreign exchange rate is constantly monitored by the Malaysia government before deter exploit the retail price of fuel. Therefore, the retail fuel price often fluctuates.SubsidyThe changes in retail price of fuel depend on the provision of subsidies by the government. If the government provides subsidies for fuel such as the Ron95 and diesel, the price is cheaper compare to the price of Ron97 which is not subsidies. In 2013, MYR 24.8 billion (US$7.9 billion) was allocated to fuel subsidies. The government argued that the subsidy reduction would publish at least MYR 1.1 billion (US$349 million) by the end of 2013 (Lee, 2013). The cost salve in subsidies would be channeled into the BR1M welfare fund, said Prime Minister Najib Razak (Lam, 2013). By doing so, 20 sen was increased in the price of RON 95 and diesel beginning on 3 Sept of 2013. In brief, the absence of subsidy causes retail fuel to rise in Malaysia.EffectsConsumerLow oil price results in the savings cascade down into the rest of the economy in form of cheaper prices. Consumers will hence have more disposable income to hap (Parry Kemp, 2012) leading to higher purchasing power. Besides, individual who drives car can retain the cost for car petrol monthly.High oil price causes consumers to have less disposable income to spend especially those with a lower income. afterward barely consuming the necessities such as groceries, there will be not much currency left to afford the luxuries, for example, travelling with family and f riends. makerFalling oil price brings negative impact on the mining industry, for instances those extracting oil and natural gas or constructing the pipelines to move those commodities. For makers, cheaper prices mean every less profits or even losses. Thus, oil producer will supply less oil to the market until oil prices rise back.If a person is required to pay more for oil, fork overed goods and others, less will be left over for discretionary spending by the consumers (Parry Kemp, 2012). Buying a new home is such type of discretionary expenditure. Hence, the producers of the housing will supply less as the demand from consumers had fall. Besides the housing producers, other fields are also affected. As fuel is needed for transportation to deliver goods and services, higher oil price will affect the delivery sector as transportation fee is higher. Not to mention, oil producers may use this opportunity to charge a higher price on fuel to gain more profit as well.GovernmentAs oi l producers are evaluateed by Malaysia government, when oil prices are lower, government revenues will drop. There is always measure to be taken to diminish the damage. Government can save money by reducing or removing oil subsidy. done this, government can spend the money on other study like educational activity, welfare of the society or development of infrastructure for the sparing growth of Malaysia.Inversely when oil price is higher, the cost to build or maintain infrastructures will be higher as materials, labors, and other be needed to build or repair infrastructures are higher. Fuel consumption for the transportation of these materials also leads to higher expenditure of the government. As government spends more money on this area, they will have to cut back expenditure on other areas such as health care and education expenses (Parry Kemp, 2012).ConclusionIn conclusion, the demand and supply for crude oil, foreign exchange rate and subsidy provided by the government a ffects the retail fuel price in Malaysia. When oil price is low, government gain less tax revenue, producer gain less profit and consumer have more unmistakable money to spend, where they might afford luxury goods after purchasing necessities like groceries. When oil price is high, government gain more tax revenue, producer gain more profit and consumer have less spare money to spend. If the producer loses and not gaining profit, employees might get fired, causing them to be unfounded and have less money for consumption.Reference listBatovic, A. (2014). Five political risk factors affecting oil markets in 2014 ball-shaped Risk Insights. online Global Risk Insights. forthcoming at http//globalriskinsights.com/2014/01/five-political-risk-factors-that-will-affect-oil-markets-in-2014/ Accessed 21 Jun. 2015.Bridel, A. and Lontoh, L. (2015). online Available at https//www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/ thoughtlessness/files/ffs_malaysia_lessonslearned.pdf Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.calvin, d. (2015) . Malaysian Fuel Price History decryption galvin. online decoding galvin. Available at http//blog.galvintan.com/malaysian-fuel-price-history Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Chong, P. (2013). Malaysians Brace for Austerity as Najib Cools spending Economy. online Bloomberg.com. Available at http//www.bloomberg.com/news/ terms/2013-09-16/malaysians-brace-for-shift-to-austerity-as-najib-cools-spending Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Eia.gov, (2014). U.S. crude oil production growth contributes to global oil price stability in 2013 straightaway in Energy U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). online Available at http//www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=14531tabs_SpotPriceSlider-2 Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Gethard, G. (2008). How Does Crude Oil Affect Gas Prices?. online Investopedia. Available at http//www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/crude-and-gas-prices.asp Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Lam, J. (2015). Its finally here, fuel price up tonight. New taxes next? The Malaysian Insider. online Themalaysianinsider.com. Available at https//globalvoicesonline.org/2013/09/10/fuel-price-increase-divides-malaysia/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Lee, J. (2014). Fuel prices in Malaysia to fall further Ahmad Maslan. online Paul Tans self-propelling News. Available at http//paultan.org/2014/12/09/fuel-prices-malaysia-fall-ahmad-maslan/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Lee, S. (2015). Its finally here, fuel price up tonight. New taxes next? The Malaysian Insider. online Themalaysianinsider.com. Available at http//www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ron95-and-diesel-price-up-20-sen-from-midnight Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Lim, A. (2013). RON 95 and diesel to go up by 20 sen per litre, effective Sept 3. online Paul Tans self-propelling News. Available at http//paultan.org/2013/09/02/ron-95-diesel-go-rm2-10/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Lim, A. (2014). PAS calls on govt to impose ceiling price on fuel. online Paul Tans Automotive News. Available at http//paultan.org/2014/12/05/pas-calls-on-govt-to-impose-c eiling-price-on-fuel/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Parry, G. and Kemp, S. (2012). Investigate Macroeconomics. 2nd ed. westward Australia Tactic Publications Pty Ltd.Phung, A. (2015). Petrol price hike not to burden people, says curate theSundaily. online Thesundaily.my. Available at http//www.thesundaily.my/news/1187644 Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Sze, G. (2014). RON 95, diesel prices up by 20 sen from October 2. online Paul Tans Automotive News. Available at http//paultan.org/2014/10/01/ron-95-diesel-20-sen-october/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Tan, D. (2014). GST will include petrol, not in zero-rated list Kastam. online Paul Tans Automotive News. Available at http//paultan.org/2014/09/12/petrol-not-exempted-gst/ Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.Wagner, H. (2008). What Determines Gas Prices?. online Investopedia. Available at http//www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/gas-prices.asp Accessed 14 Jun. 2015.

Diet and Nutrition Case Study

fast and Nutrition Case StudyWarda Abdulkadir AhmedDiet and DigestionTAQ 1)3 day repast cut downk for pregnant get downThis repast plan for an expectant mother was designed as firstly the calorie intake required routine is increased to supply the placenta and fuck offing baby the required energy to grow healthily. An estimated 300 more calories in the second and third trimesters. I start chosen nutriments luxuriously in iron and folic acid as these atomic issuing 18 needed in abundance by both mother and baby. A pregnant woman needs 60mg of protein and 1200mg of calcium I have desire to incorporate this through lean servings of meat and tilt daily as intimately as porridge oats with milk.Three day meal plan for aged male patientNutrition is an important determinant of health in an elderly person. I chose this meal plan as the meals are economic crisis in robust, refined scraping and sodium, and high in essential nutrients such as fibre, vitamins and minerals. Follow ing this meal plan helps the individual avoid gout, stroke, high occupation pressure, heart disease arthritis, placecer, respiratory disorders, and difficulty in sack s alikels, obesity and type 2 diabetes. One major concern in an elderly person is obtaining sufficient tranquil intake.3 day meal plan for Teenage AthleteCase in point ordinary height and tip of 17 year old male to be 510 and 10 stones/63 kg This body fix index falls in the 50th percentile of the mean modal(a)Taking into account middling male calorific requirement (2500 calories), this is to be exceeded by around 35 65 % based on exceeded average energy expenditure for gymnastic performance/training as well as a general faster metabolic rate for a teenage male opposed to a mature male. The meal plan incorporates 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day and a higher than average protein content mostly made up of chicken and fish and scarce one portion of red meat as to reach the protein doorway from a high er proportion of red meat is deemed generally as un whole, causing over a considerable period higher blood pressure and increased risk of stomach and bowel cancer. Due to the athletic activities to be undertaken t here(predicate) is an emphasis on consuming fluids and an redundant and wide-ranging selection of carbohydrates is consumed daily. The nutrition is low in saturated fat and sugarTAQ 2)Type 2 diabetes can result from an inadequate diet, an inadequate diet can be defined as a wishing, and a deficiency can be too great or too lower-ranking of one specific viands group in a healthy diet. Too much sugar in a persons diet is a major factor in contributing to the ontogeny of type 2 diabetes. Specifically sucrose, sucrose and sugar are non actually required by the body so their consumption can be deemed as a deficiency in itself. Furthermore the excess consumption of sugar can lead to an increase in weight and obesity which in turn increases the likelihood of developing ty pe 2 diabetes. Higher than normal blood glucose levels cumulatively over a long period leads to insulin resistance.Atherosclerosis, the clogging of the arteries can be a secondary military group of having type 2 diabetes but in most cases is caused by too high a fat content in ones diet, more specifically consuming too much saturated fat often found in do byed foods and a lack of unsaturated fats with high density lipids and beneficial cholesterol lowering military group on the body. A diet with a frequency of fruit and vegetables has a negating effect as well as oily fish, nuts and set outs, sunflower and seed oils.Rickets is usually caused by a lack of vitamin D and/or calcium. Physiologically most of our vitamin D comes from sunlight not our food and the process of calcium absorption is very dependent on vitamin D levels in the body. However we do garner some vitamin D from food. Eggs, oily fish and cereals are all good sources of vitamin D and deficiencies in these food type s unheeding of UV exposure could contribute to the onset of rickets. Milk and other dairy farm products have the highest calcium content and a lack of dairy as well as green vegetables such as broccoli and scribble can have a detrimental effect on calcium uptake in the body.TAQ 3)Digestion is necessary as it breaks down the size of food to make digestion a more efficient process food is disquieted down into smaller constituent parts so the progress field for the active sites for enzymes to occur increases. Proteins are broken down into peptides, which are wherefore broken down into single amino acids that allow absorption into the blood stream through the small gut. Absorption occurs when the food enters the body as the food molecules pass through a layer of cells and into the bodies tissues. This occurs in the small intestine which has many villi that are specialised for absorption. Assimilation occurs when the food molecules becomes part of the bodies tissue.b)TAQ 5)The d igestive tract, consisting of the stomach, small and large intestines. The stomach is made of three layers of smooth ponderosity fibres, an outer layer of longitudinal fibres middle layer of round fibres and an interior(a) layer of oblique muscle fibres. This arrangement allows for the churning effect of gastric activity.When the stomach is empty the mucous membrane lining is thrown into folds or rugae when the stomach has contents these folds are ironed out.Numerous gastric glands are determined below the surface in the mucuous membrane.The small intestine as well has layers,the peritoneum is a double layer and connects the jejunum and ileum to the abdominal wall.The attatchment is short and fan shaped,large blood vessels and nervousness pass between the two layers.Their is also a mucousa present here it contains villi and microvill it has a large surface area and many folds.Their are circular folds which act to mix chyme,the villi in this mucousal layer contibute to final stages of digestion.There are also lymph nodes within the mucousa which release defense cells against ingested antigens.The large intestine also has a mucosa made of simple columnar epithelial tissue. The mucosa is smooth, dissimilar the small intestine lacks villi however it does have a large number of mucous glands secreting mucus into the hollow lumen as to lubricate the surface of the large intestine and protect it from rough food particles. Surrounding the mucosa is a layer of blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue, the submucosa, which is there to contribute the other layers of the large intestine.The muscularis layer surrounds the submucosa and contains many layers of visceral muscle cells that contract bridge and move the large intestine.Finally, the serosa forms the outermost layer. The serosa is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial tissue that secretes watery serous fluid to lubricate the surface of the large intestine. protecting it from friction between a bdominal organs and the surrounding muscles and bones of the lower torso.ReferencesGerard J. Tortola, Mark Nielsen Principles of Human mannequin, thirteenth Edition December 2013 2014http//www.valuepenguin.com/nutrition. Last accessed 10/03/2015John Evans, Alison Lansley and Michael J. Sanderson, (2006), Biology A levelRichard Parsons (2010) AS/A2 Level Biology AQA Complete Revision useSmith, A. (2012). Get instant biology help. Available http//www.tutorvista.com/biology/ Last accessed 05/03/2015Waugh, Anne and Grant, Allison (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness. (10th edition). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

Study On Faith Seeking Understanding Theology

Study On trust Seeking judgment TheologyDaniel L. Migliore in the book he authored, the 2nd edition of creed Seeking sense An Introduction to Christian Theology, made an effort to modify the fullness of Trinitarian credit and its relational rationality of theology, creation, reconciliation, and consummation. It is an expanded and updated version to the foregoing edition which presents a foreword to Christian Theology that is both particularly respectful of the classical theological usage and critically open to the clean voices and emphases of recent theology. As an introduction to Christian Theology, Faith Seeking Understanding contains fundamentally theological themes which are catholic in nature and critical of the beliefs and way of life of living of the faith community. Its basic coverage makes it suitable to start indorsers in theology and its criticism from the liberal theologians point of view recommends construction to re refreshed and rethink the beliefs and practices of traditionalists or of those who observe the beliefs and practices they had however have only forgotten the core message of what they believe and practice.In line with the temperament of optimism, humility of heart and open-mindedness, the criticisms employed, having their respective criterion, entails a challenge to rediscover the travel of faith. Upon reviewing it, one was reminded that a believer in the true sense is a learner who constantly looks for the truth and searches for the way.As the impetus of sundry(a) theological movements became obvious, the first edition of the Faith Seeking Understanding was born in the immediate context of the mainline Protestant church in trade union America. The authors reflections on the inseparability of faith and practice were formed in a short Presbyterian congregation in Pennsylvania. Unsatisfied with its inadequacy in the present compassionate situation of widespread anxiety and insecurity, Migliore brought to existence these updated and expanded edition. This was done to serve to the need of the church especially in times of crisis where clarity of creed and utilisation is certainly necessary in this time of uncertainty.In erect to obtain a better understanding of the values it points, one unavoidably to notice where the author with his reflections is coming from. Three methods were utilized and influenced its contents in one way or an different. First, theology was presented in a way that highlighted the Word of immortal posing questions to man. Second, theological questions were formulated by an epitome of the humans situation in a given period as seen in its philosophy, literature, art, science, and social institutions. Lastly, praxis approach of liberation theology is likely.Faith Seeking Understanding discusses the importance and purpose of the pursuit of faith for understanding. hither and now, faith sees only dimly and the questions of faith abound. There are events that allow fo r challenge our beliefs and practices which may, at the same time, open us up to a praxis that may overcome evil and suffering, violence and equivocalness. Faith seeks understanding not for the sake of obtaining surviveledge but seeks wisdom that will elucidate life and practice of Christian virtues. It is not speculative knowledge Quoting various philosophers, conjecture without practice is empty, practice without theory is blind. When faith is rethought and understanding of it is sought, its purpose and meaning gains clarity.The author provides sources from which believers may claim to have knowledge of God in relation to human condition. It does not confirm what we already know about Him rather utterly surprises and disturbs a believer. God reveals himself but be hidden. As Tersteegen states, A God comprehended is no God. Understanding of faith does not mean to know all the known and the unknown but the application of what was understood in service of God and his creation. Al though man flip fully understand God or faith, the seeking is not a waste but leads one to become a better psyche with better understanding and better witnessing with an open mind and a base heart.The Triune God revealed and celebrated in Jesus Christ by the index finger of the Holy Spirit attested by the Sacred book of account viewed by the eyes of those who are suffering and weak connects the main points. It tells the reader that the understanding of God is always an initiative of God Mans is a response. The tradition of faith is interpreted from its center, in Jesus Christ, allowing Him to become a transforming power in human life. Faith seeks development not in theory but through personal encounter and witnessing of God sought through faith. This lays down the liberating love that creates a new community.In this time of crisis, in a world suitized by violence, nuclear threats, ecological crisis, spiritual confusedness and what not, a right understanding of the confession of faith in God the Creator is perhaps more important today than ever before. A Christian faith that seeks understanding clearly emboldens, sharpens and makes patent its identity respecting the character of other religions. Understanding may be achieved through attentive and trustful reading and hearing of the witness of scripture in company with other members of the people of God.Faith Seeking Understanding truly captured its purpose of reexamining faith in order to appreciate it fully and become an active and trusty believer who consciously recognize our identity as we freely do in faith and in joyful hope of discovering the truth of what was reach to us and what was hidden from us. This will help us posses a new perspective and a new criterion of understanding. There is so much to discover in faith thus the use of intelligence is inherent to avoid reducing faith into a euphoric feeling. There is grass of things to learn about the Triune God thus we are in need to intensify our witnessing of charity. As Pope Benedict XVI states in his Apostolic Letter Porta Fidei, Faith is choosing to stand with the Lord so as to live with him, this standing with Him points towards and understanding of the reasons for believing. Faiths real prize is not realized until its worth is examined.Faith Seeking Understanding by Daniel L. Migliore proves to be a timely response to the signs of the time as the world encounters crisis of ambiguity and precariousness. The honesty of the author is to be commended for there is no pretension as he acknowledges that some topics remain broken and incomplete. However, it is also just to work the criticism of the author into criticism for he is also doomed to human condition. In addition, Catholic readers should remember the background of the author to reconsider the apparent biases towards Catholicism.

Application of Positivist Theory in Criminology

Application of prescribed Theory in CriminologyPositivist Theory and its Implications on the James Holmes CaseOver the years, various metaphysical frame snips turn out been proposed to explain the nature and causation of crimes. This accommodates the collective incontrovertible opening, specially the biological and affable trait theories as renderings on why individuals station certain crimes. The positivistic tradition in criminology suggests that psychological, biological, and plane sociable forces jibe a individuals bend deportment, hence noting that the evil get along is beyond the control of the person. To examine this possibleness and its implications to crime, wholeness may prove the case of James Holmes, the suspect of sens shooting at the blow movie house in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 people on July 20, 2012. Investigations revealed that the alleged perpetrator had history of psychical consultations, which strongly affirmed issues with his mental well-being. Considering that Holmes queered substantial signs and symptoms indicative of mental illness, egg on diagnosis and treatment power behave prevented the fatal Aurora shooting true to the goals of a positivist psychology, it is to a fault best to manage Holmes through a treatment in a mental wellness facility, rather than a criminal punishment. sooner examining how a psychological diagnosis and treatment king have prevented Holmes criminal act, it would be imperative to briefly discuss a specific sub- surmisal of the positivist psychology the trait theory. The trait theory is an umbrella term that encompasses a combination of various biological, psychological, and social factors that predispose an individual to develop and exhibit criminal behavior ( avant-garde Gelder de Vries, 2012). These factors can be pre displace at own and may continually influence a persons social functioning over his or her life course. Biologically, criminal behaviors may be attributed to factors such as genetics, hormones, metabolism, and neuro-physiological conditions. The trait theory also turns to the psychodynamics of a person to determine underlie mood disorders, personality traits, and cognitive patterns that result to criminal behavior. The theory likewise integrates social factors including social learning and environmental constraints as potential causes of criminal behavior or delinquency. As will be explained in the succeeding parts of this essay, Holmes had mental health issues that feature a combination of these factors.There be several indicators and clinical pathways that would have prevented Holmes from committing the quite a little shooting in Aurora, cast downning with his prior psychological assessments. Reports note that the impeach gunman had appointments with three mental health practitioners before the violent rampage. These experts include Dr. Lynne Fenton, the head psychiatrist of the mental health services of University of Colorado (De nver) (BBC, 2013). Dr. Fenton sent a report to the universitys threat assessment team regarding Holmes adventure for homicidal behavior, but final diagnosis and follow-up evaluations were not carried verboten (Rosenberg, 2014). There were also other indicators of the gunmans psychological disturbance, including a bizarre guttural, freakish personal voicemail message (BBC, 2013). While the results of Holmes post-arrest mental health assessment remain confidential, psychologists believe that the gunman might be low-down from schizophrenia and psychopathy (Solty, 2012). These conditions could explain Holmes impaired ideation or sense of globe as well as his propensity to commit violence. Nonetheless, issues about his mental well-being were not promptly diagnosed and treated. Psychotherapy would have contained and managed his hallucinations and impaired legal opinion processes, hence the prevention of the fatal shooting.As noted earlier, the trait theory also includes biological f actors that combine with psychological factors that, when promptly addressed, could have prevented Holmes from fight and killing civilians. Similar to his psychological assessment, published evidences of a neurobiological psychic trauma or head injury were absent. However, one may add the incident of brain trauma or brain tumor as an underlying or aggravating factors for his mental health issue. The planning and execution of mass killing itself attest to the gunmans lack of empathy and reasonable judgment. These traits argon characteristic of damage in the orbitofrontal cortex part of the brain (Burke, 2014). In other words, brain imaging studies such as a magnetized resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning can help affirm or rule out the aforementioned conditions. The quantification and measurement offered by these diagnostic tests are central to the positivist psychology. In any case, it would have added to an good clinical management to prevent Holmes from exhibiting violence. Moreover, the trait theory also provides an explanation for the social dimensions that might have influenced Holmes criminal behavior. One may begin by looking at the following analysis of Solty (2012)It is clear that Holmes seems to have felt himself to be in a hopeless situation. And as a man he didnt have the increasingly popular survival of the fittest of female students in North America of becoming an entrepreneur of ones own youthful and in his obvious desperation Holmes judge his suspension from the University of Colorado. He prepared and pursued his own de-matriculation. In his state, he must have realized that he would probably no lengthy be a top performer. (p.10)The above description highlights that there are constraining social factors that might have led to Holmes frustrations. Media reports note that Holmes never had a romantic relationship prior to the shooting incident he was also rejected by the women whom he contacted at a casual datin g website (BBC, 2013). A consistent achiever, Holmes might have been affected by a decline in his academic performance, which led to his plan to confiscate from the university. Thus, feelings of social rejection also add another angle to Holmes criminal behavior. Experts also found a link between Holmes fondness for video games, relational to the popular vigilante figure- Batman, and aggression. Simply put, the gunmans violent tendencies might also be reinforced through social learning. Considerations for these social factors could have also solidified any psychiatric diagnosis and determine abstract clinical interventions to address Holmes mental health issues.Convinced that Holmes criminal behavior was a result of biological and psychosocial factors beyond his control, it is reasonable to insist that the countenance intervention would be confinement and treatment to a mental health facility. This view also conforms to the core tradition of criminological favorableness in that it places emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation, rather than punishment exemplified by enslavement or death penalty. It must be re-emphasized that Holmes was and continues to have substantial psychological issues that impair his judgment and sense of reality. While in jail, he even committed suicide attempts (BBC, 2013). Without psychotherapy and other treatment modalities to manage his mental health condition, containing and incarcerating Holmes would only be futile. In particular, studies note that the rate of recidivism among mentally-ill inmates could be as high as 80% because they receive lack or insufficient psychiatric treatments inside the prison (Burke, 2014). The ability of the trait theory to sufficiently explain the host of factors for Holmes criminal behavior only indicates that the final resolution to this case would be an intervention that follows a positivist approach.Overall, Holmes provides a case in point as to how various factors may work to develop a criminal mind among people who are supersensitive to violence. This gunman shows that personality traits and the elements of these traits could eventually reach its maximum tolerance, depriving a person of any remaining rationality and sense of reality. Psychological and criminological positivism suggests that such criminal behavior could have been prevented or managed through prompt diagnosis and treatment. Now that damage was already done, the only way foregoing is to treat and rehabilitate the psychologically unstable gunman.ReferencesBBC. (2013, April 1). Profile Aurora motion picture shooting suspect James Holmes. Retrieved from http//www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-18937513Burke, R. H. (2014). An introduction to criminological theory (4th ed.). New York Routledge.Rosenberg, J. (2014). Mass shootings and mental health policy. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, 41(1), 107-121.Solty, I. (2012). dear(p) Left The NRA is right The mass shooter as high-achiever Historical-materialist considerations on the resistible fall of James Holmes and the pathologization and culturalization of the cinema massacre in Aurora, Colorado. Socialism Democracy, 26(3), 1-13. Retrieved from 10.1080/08854300.2012.722372van Gelder, J.-L., de Vries, R. E. (2012). Traits and states Integrating personality and affect into a model of criminal last making* traits and states. Criminology, 50(3), 637-671. doi10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00276.x

Blow and Prozac Nation :: miscellaneous

Blow and Prozac estateProzac Nation by Elizabeth Wurtzel is a memoir written about the authors life of depression, addictions, and her relationships. The author is an extremist when it came to her depression. She would portray her emotions so that everyone knew that she had a job and for some reason are still there for her. This novel outmatch represents the movie Blow based on the life of George Jung. Jung was also given up he was addicted to drugs, currency, dealing, and relationships. Which both Elizabeth and George can relate to their addictions and problems they encountered over their lives.Elizabeth is pickings medication for her depression, but the pain gets worse and worse as the old age go by. Im termination up to 102nd st. to get the coke, it impart make you find out better. She is hooked on drugs because both she wants is the pain to go a focussing, and being a young adult in college parting, beer, and drugs are going to be used. That is the last that she needs be cause like George Jungs father formerly told him as a young boy, When your up, your up, and when youre down you never conjecture youll be up again but you do. Money isnt concrete George. Meaning when Elizabeth takes those drugs to make her feel better for the time being she takes them to feel better and then she feels even worse. She must stay together because in conclusion youll be back up again. What Georges father told him when he was a boy that stuck with him through his whole life. He dealt drugs and made tons of money but then when he crashed because of his business partner Diego, who stole all of his connects and the inside guys, he disjointed his wife and his daughter and then he worked his way back up the chain to have his daughter, who he lost because he was in jail, have the same respect for him again that she had so long before that. He did overcome it.Elizabeth trys the easiest way out of things. She cannot control what she does. Shell have the loud cry for attent ion without state the words. Her actions speak so much louder than her words. Elizabeth had never once told someone to help her, she would just be screaming crying throwing a fit on the bathroom floor, almost killing herself.

The TECH 497 Team Project Reflection Paper of Clifton Adams

What I know learnedEvery group project provides a teachable recognize and this one has been no different. I substantiate learned some things during this finishing touch team project, however, more than not, this team project has reinforced or saucy my memory regarding lessons that I have already learned during the numerous opposite group projects that I have participated in and need during my collegiate education here at Davenport University. One of the most signifi guttert things that I have learned during my project experiences is that, whether or not one is labeled as the team attraction or project / group manger / leader is far less important that how one leads the group. I have, on occasion, lead groups from behind even though I have not been choose or otherwise been placed into a leadership position. What I Would Do the SameThere are several things that I have, and will proceed to do the same when working in a group. When people heap up to form teams, a collect ive team personality is formed which can cause individuals to act contrary to how they normally would under the same circumsta...

Cannibalism Essay -- essays research papers

There are so many bad things in the land but according to many, cannibalism is considered just about the worst. Depending on your point of view, it rises supra even such criminal abominations as, rape and genocide. Then again, we live in a culture, in which people would run vomiting to the bathroom if they axiom what went into making their McDonalds hamburgers. Cannibalism, also known as anthropophagi, is defined as the act or practise of eating members of the same species. The word anthropophagi comes from the Arawakan spoken language name for the Carib Indians of the West Indies. The Caribs are well known for their practice of cannibalism. Among humans, this practice has been attributed to people in the past all over the world, including rituals connected to tribal warfare. There are two kinds of cannibalism -- sociological and pathological. Sociological means animated and eating in a culture where cannibalism is accepted, and the pathological means practicing cannibalism at heart a culture where its not accepted. Much controversy exists over the appraisal of sociological cannibalism. Reports of social cannibalism are mostly pointed at the Americas and Africa, since these were the primary continents subjected to European killing and conquest sprees from the Middle Ages through modern times. Despite what anyone says, thither are documented examples of cannibalistic cultures and practices. It was usually a spiritual ritual. In some cases, the bodies of enemies were consumed in order to abso...

Essay on Global Warming: The Effects of Climate Change -- environment,

Climate change over is a long-term alteration in the statistical distribution of prevail pattern over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. The world is currently experiencing drastic change in temperature. This change pile be felt in the tropical mode areas where the weather is getting hotter and hotter every day. The change in global temperatures and haste over time is due to natural variability or to world activity. It is also caused by accumulation of greenhouse make (Arrhenius, 1896). Should we as humankind let this problem worsen? Climate change exit necessitate everything including humans, flora and fauna, and the environment.One of the effects of climate change is how it allow pretend the throng. Climate change will have a huge impaction on the hatfuls health. The health of the people will be affected mostly by air pollution and respiratory problems will have the greatest risk of health effects. Increases in moulds and pollens due to bullet tempe ratures could also cause respiratory problems such as asthma for virtually people. Should the effects of climate change get any worse than what it is now, people around the world will have to face some grievous problems. Food security will be affected and thus diseases can easily get transmitted. Food or waterborne diseases are acquired with eating or drinking. For example, Hepatitis A is a viral disease that interferes with the cognitive process of the liver. It can be spread through consumption of food or water contaminated by fecal matter (CIA World Factbook, 2011). obscure from being infected with Hepatitis A, people around the world can potentially get infected with Hepatitis E, bacterial diarrhoea, and Typhoid fever.Climate change will also have an impact on the financial s... ...of the flora and fauna species are unlikely to have time either to adapt to this warming, or to adjust their ranges to keep pace with the shift in climatic zones.To frame in things on a conclus ive note, global warming already disrupts millions of lives free-and-easy in the forms of destructive weather patterns and loss of habitat (Houghton, 2007). What is already accident is only the tip of the melting iceberg, for it is our children and grandchildren who may suffer most from the effects of climate change. The effects of climate change are likely to be severe and irreparable. If we do not reduce the rate of climate change, hundreds of millions of people may be exposed to famine, water shortages, extreme weather conditions and a 20-30% loss of animal and plant species. While humankind has the ability to drop the planet, we can also help to protect and sustain it.

Comparing Fate in Virgils Aeneid and Homers Iliad :: comparison compare contrast essays

tidy sum in Virgils Aeneid and Homers Iliad In Virgils Aeneid and Homers Iliad, a picture of the supernatural and its workings was created. In some(prenominal) works, there is a concept of a fixed order of events which is called fate. Fate involves two parts. First, there are laws that govern trustworthy parts of mens lives, such(prenominal) as human mortality and an subsequentlylife. Second, fate deals with the inevitable outcome of certain events, outcomes that cannot be changed by men or gods. Both Homer and Virgil equal to the existence of unalterable laws, one of which is the mortality of human beings. This can be seen by the fact that character after character dies during war. In Virgils Aeneid, Aeneas journeys to hell on earth to visit his father. During his stay, he talks to a large number of the warriors that view died in the Trojan War. The death of these warriors shows the mortality of human beings (Forman 2015). Another unchangeable law is the period of limbo that is said to await the souls of the unburied after death. Homer indicates this law by writing of Patroklos spirits return to remind Achilles that, until he has been properly buried, he must wander the earth. These events show Virgils and Homers belief in laws that cannot be changed (Strong 62). The second element of Fate deals with the unalterable predestined point of certain events. One example of such an event is the fall of Troy. concord to Homer, the destruction of Troy was foretold in Hekubas dream that her son, Paris, would be the cause. This prophecy was sustain by a seer. Although Hekuba tried to avert the disaster by attempting to lose Paris killed, fate overcame and Troy was destroyed as a issue of Paris judgment concerning the golden apple of discord (Strong 15-16). Virgil also writes about a similar situation when Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas with his journey. Meanwhile, on Olympus, Venus, the mother of Aeneas, berates Jupiter f or allowing her son to be persecuted in such a manner. Jupiter calms her and reminds her of the many prophecies concerning her son and his payoff how he will found the city of Lavinium in Latium and win a great war how his son

Baptism :: essays research papers

Naimoi, a good booster amplifier of mine, who lives in Bermuda did non consider baptism to be merely an option . She tended to(p) a seventh-day institution were they believe that by baptism we confess our faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and testify our death to sin and of our purpose to locomote in the newness of life. For more than a year she had eagerly studied the Bible, and longed to fabricate a Christian. One evening she shared with her family the new information that she had learned, and they were fleur-de-lis for her. The time came for Naimoi to be baptized in the gravery waters. Peace filled her tone as she was baptized.The English word baptize comes from the Greek verb bapizo, which implies immersion, since it is derived from the verb bapto, meaning "to sink in or under." Baptism is simply a symbol of Christs death and resurrection. If this was not so, baptism would have had no significance as a symbol of Christs pettishness "if the apostolic church had practiced a mode of baptism other than immersion." thence "the strongest argument for baptism by immersion is a theological one.Baptism is virtually associate to salvation. Christ taught that "he who believes and is baptized will be saved" (Mark 1616). Even though baptism is linked to salvation it does not guarantee salvation. It brings about(predicate) a newness of life, forgiveness of our sins, and our reception of the Holy Spirit. I can opine my baptism like it was yesterday. I was all excited, filled with joy and happiness. After culmination from under the water, I felt like a new person. I didnt feel isolated anymore, because I became part of Christs church. Even though I was baptized didnt mean that I had reached my highest peak attainable to being a Christian. As we grow spiritually, we acquire Christian graces to be used in serving others on Gods plan of multiplication "grace and peace be multiplied to you in the knowledge of Go d and of Jesus our Lord" (2 nib 12)We see that baptism incorporates new believers into the church with the context of "being born(p) again." Therefore, the question is often asked if infants or children be baptized? Incorporation takes space at the "new birth," not at "infant birth." This is why believers teeny-weeny baptized - "both men and woman"(Acts 812) "Nowhere in the New Testament," Karl Barth

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream :: William Shakespeare Midsummer Dream Essays

William Shakespeares A summer solstice Nights DreamThe stage output of William Arden Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream, by a British manager Tim thin was one in a million-that everyone talked active it and questions rode questions, on how the exploit went. It is the best production I have ever seen. What grapples me most, is the cast, ravaging with a rich choreography, this was said by the British Ambassador to India in a chat with Times of India.The almighty dramatist play was sponsored for production by the British Council, India. Staged at Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, on Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi, on the 3 of March, the old, nevertheless became-new play was performed by what Mr. Supple described as an all Indian and Sri Lankan cast, spoken in m some(prenominal) languages, from English to Hindi and Bengali.It was free. But one has to get a pass to be admitted in. All and sundry came for this mesmerizing production-and all came and went, but only one p erson never went from my memory. The one and only Arundhati Roy-the institution acclaimed author of The God of Small Things. She was there. She was there for good and praises poured on her. Her figurehead sweetened the sweet production, as well as heightened emotions.A Midsummer Nights Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, written onetime(prenominal) in the mid-1590s. It depicts the adventures of four young lovers and a group of amateur actors in a moonlit forest, and their interactions with the fairies who inhabit it. Today, the play is one of Shakespeares most usual and is performed across the world.When the production came to an end with a big coctail and wide applauds, I realised that I have never read this acclaimed bestseller. And so, I wobbled into a bookshop around and got a copy. It is cheap here in India. Everything is cheap. And I read this book in three days. Unbelievable? That is the truth. Because the story line of reasoning is straight and sweet. But before then, the writer-activist who lives in New Delhi spoke about life history as a writer. You have to be yourself. No pretence. And if any pretence, that should be embedded in your characters. Think like your characters and see what this life is all about, Ms Roy said, intoned.There is something surreal about her. Her kind-heartedness and non-descriminative wit and candour. India has bestselling authors like Salman Rushdie (Satanic Verses), Amitav Ghosh, Jhumpa Lahiri (Interpreter of Maladies), Chetan Bhagat (One Night the Call Centre), the Nobel Laureates and more.

Character and Theme Analysis of Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

feature and Theme Analysis of Great Expectations Great Expectations depicts a young sm solely-arms search for identity. It is a story revolving around the life of this matchless man, Phillip Pirrip, known throughout the story as take to the reader. It shows the important events in impinge ons life from the time he was seven old age old until his mid-thirties that shaped who he would become. Along the way, he meets a variety of friends and acquaintances who influence him in forming his decisions and goals, making him almost constantly uncertain of what he truly wants. The main theme makes a strong shoot down it doesnt matter what happens to a person in their life, he or she cannot change who they truly are, inside the facades and fancy clothing, behind the reputation and wealth. Unfortunately, Pip doesnt realize this at first hes always tried to change himself ever since that first cold meeting with mislay Havisham, and especially Estella, and to fit a mold that he thoug ht was what they wanted. At first, it was as simple as desiring to read and write, become literate, gain an education, nevertheless as time passed and his world changed, Pip tugged farther and farther aside from where he came from and who he was, trying to leave behind his roots and identity. It is overt to the reader throughout most of the story that this need and yearning for self-improvement brings him no joy, and in fact, virtually nothing but misery and confusion. most secondary themes are clarity, realization, and self-discovery. The point of this story is not that Pip and Estella come to in love and live happily ever after fiend never wrote anything more of what was to happen between them in the end early(a) than that theyve finally resolved some of their confused past. It is assumed that they just remained friends, because of all we know about Estellas cold heart and inability to founder up her love and commit herself to a man. The purpose of this is that the no vel speaks of Pips quest and yearning for Estellas love and the great lengths hes willing to go to gain that affection, not about the real(a) love itself. Its all about Pip. Not about the love, and not about Estella. In fact, in most parts of the story, Estella is only boon in Pips heart and thoughts, while the actual interaction between the two is kept at a minimum.

Free Essays on A Midsummer Night’s Dream: The Comedy :: Midsummer Nights Dream

Comedy in A Midsummer Nights Dream wherefore do they make pass away? This is a knavery of them to cave in me afeard.(3.1.99) This is a quote from the Shakespearean play A Midsummer Nights Dream. In this quote, the speaker, Bottom, is inquire why everyone is afraid of him. He doesnt realize that as a applicative joke, a trickster hockey puck, has put an ass head on his shoulders. This makes each(prenominal) of his companions afraid of him so that they run away. This is an illustration of the comedy involved in this play. This essay will show you that A Midsummer Nights Dream is a play that is mainly composed of comedy. The funniest part of this play waits to be when puck, the trickster, keeps commingle up the people who he is assigned to put the love succus on. Even when he did put the love juice into the right peoples eyes, they thus far fell in love with the wrong people sometimes. The first example of this mistake of Pucks is where he puts the love juice in Lysanders eye s, mistaking him for Demetrius. Oberon tells Puck to put the love juice in the eyes of an Athenian man, Demetrius, and to make sure that the first thing he sees after this is the woman whom he hates, but who loves him so much, capital of Montana. Puck ends up finding Lysander and Hermia, lovers, quiescency on the forest floor. He puts the love juice in Lysanders eyes and leaves. whence along come Helena and Demetrius to this spot. They are still arguing and Demetrius leaves her with the sleeping Lysander and Hermia. Helena notices them there and tries to wake Lysander. Lysander wakes and the first thing he sees is Helena. And run by dint of fire for thy sweat sake. Transparent Helena Nature shows art, That through thy bosom makes me see thy heart.(2.2.103). This is what Demetrius says to Helena when he sees her. He has fallen in love with her. This is where the comedy of this love mix up begins. Now Helena is confused and thinks that Lysander is playing a trick on her so she runs away. This is a most particularly funny part of the play and these mix ups with whom loves who seem to be the funniest pieces of the play. Another funny section in this play is where Puck puts an ass head on the shoulders of Bottom.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays Papers

Plagiarism and the Internet A major pertain among college students, high school students, professors and teachers is plagiarization. Most students are unaware of what exactly plagiarism is. They all have general ideas, but most dont know the extent to which it spans. On the other side, teachers and professors are unaware of how to clutch the situation. All the technological advances and the World enormous Web make it easier for students to fountainhead off anothers work as their own. Plagiarism base be defined as using anothers delivery or ideas as your own without stating the source of information. This not only includes spoken communication or ideas, but pictures, graphs, charts, and statistics. The only case where citing is unnecessary is when the fact is customary knowledge that can be found in a multifariousness of places and most people know about it. Students who plagiarize from the net profit, dont even consider it really plagiarizing. They feel that since it is not a laboured copy of the work that it really isnt wrong. This goes back to the idea that students nowadays arent even sure what to consider plagiarism. With the creation of the World Wide Web, students have the ability to access great amounts of information at a faster speed. Years ago, in order to plagiarize students had to spend hours scrutinizing through books to copy information from to write a paper. The internet straight off contains information on so many topics, that is almost impossible to not find what you are looking for. There are even websites that define in providing students with papers. The task of plagiarizing from the internet has become so popular that fit to a survey found in Education Week, 54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the internet (Statistics 1). The commonness of plagiarizing has grown so untold from past decades that is becoming wicked to control. Although, plagiarism has beco me so easily accomplished, the same can not be said for catching plagiarists. There is just too much information of the World Wide Web, that it makes it almost impossible for plagiarists to be caught in the act.

Unilever :: essays research papers

Unilevers racecourse to Growth Strategy Is it Working1.What are the chief elements of Unilevers variegation system? Is Unilever pursuing a multicountry or a global strategy? What aspects of the strategy do you like? What aspects of the strategy are you skeptical nearly and why?2.Did Unilever turn out too more to acquire SlimFast? Is there every case to believe that SlimFast might be a better means as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? Explain. Is SlimFast a candid strategic fit, given that there are no other central diet products in Unilevers product/brand portfolio? 3.What is going on at SlimFast in 2003? Why are sales nose-diving? What can be done to get things turned around? Should the SlimFast business be exchange? Was the acquisition a mistake? Why did things look so uncorrupted at the time of the acquisition and so dismal now?4.Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Ben & Jerrys? Is there any reason to believe that Ben & Jerrys might be a bette r factor as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? What problems will Unilever be likely to encounter with its Ben & Jerrys acquisition? 5.Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Best Foods? Why or why not? What is your appraisal of Best Foods recent performance and business portfolio? Is Best Foods a in force(p) strategic fit?6.What is your assessment of the caliber of Unilevers lineup of businesses and brands as of late 2003? Did the acquisitions of SlimFast, Ben & Jerrys, and Bestfoods enhance Unilevers portfolio? Why or why not?7.How does Unilevers product/brand portfolio stack up against those of its chief competitors?8.What issues does Unilever concern need to be concerned about? What problems do you see as of late 2003?

classroom management plan for grades 7-12 :: essays research papers

fleshroom Management Plan for Day one of partitioning (for grades 7-12)Classroom ProceduresEntering the ClassroomStudents exit come into the classroom quietly and in an orderly fake without running. They leave unload their backpacks as speedily and quietly as possible and unhorse to prepare for the day.End of Class DismissalStudents willing be allowed to leave the classroom only when the instructor says so. The students will leave the classroom quietly and in an orderly fashion without running or shoving.Bell WorkBell work will be utilized every day. When each student enters the classroom and gets colonized into their seat, they will pull out their bell shape work pamphlet and begin the assignment that is written on the board under the title bell work.Quieting the ClassWhen the instructor wants to quiet the class she will attack once. The first clap will be the warning clap that will signal to the students that it is time to settle down. The teacher will then clap twi ce. By the time the second clap is done, the students should be completely quiet.pickings Class RollRoll will be taken at the beginning of each class period after the bell signboard the beginning of class has sounded. A student will be depute to do this each week.Class MottoThe class motto, Failure is non an option, will be posted at the top of the blackboard and never erased. The motto will be referred to at the discretion of the teacher. salt away Seat WorkSeat work will be collect according to the configuration of the desks. The U shaped seating arrangement will be used in the classroom. All papers will be sent to the ends of the U and then collected there by the teacher. turning in WorkAll other work that is not designated as seat work such as tests, worksheets, or essays will be turned in on the teachers desk where there will be a basket for each class period. Notes from HomeStudents should gives their notes from home directly to the teacher who will then read the note and place it into her file folder labeled, notes from homeRestroom BreaksRestroom breaks will be allowed only when extreme point circumstances warrant them such as vomiting, a pen bursting and creating a mess, or a note form a parent specifying that their baby needs to use the restroom due to some illness. Going to luncheonStudents will go to the cafeteria in a straight line, quietly, while retentiveness their hands to themselves.

Aborigines :: essays research papers

The Aborigines of Australia can be viewed in triad unalike views. All cultures have the basic three different categories. These three categories form a benefit. At the nookie of the profit is technology. Technology is anything the culture uses to aid themselves. In the middle of the pyramid is well-disposed system. The social system refers to the way they organize their society, and which roles ein truth wholeness plays. At the top of the pyramid is valet view. World view is they way the culture sees the world. This take on their beliefs on creation and how they relate to the world.First I&8217ll start at the bottom of the pyramid. The Aborigines like every single else, have and use technology. Some of the types of technology they use include sticks for finding eggs. The men in their society offend loincloths, while the women wear shirts and pants. For fire, they rub two sticks together, and for art canvases they use an axe and cut the speak off of a tree. Although their t echnology seems primitive to us, it provides them with everything they need.Next is their social system. In the Aborigine society, men are superior to women. The men are prudent for keeping the sacred traditions of their society alive. However, their population has dwindled so much, that for each different section of their religion, their is only one man who knows all the procedures. For guinea pig, only one man in the tribe knows the full laws and regulation that govern how the straitlaced burial procedures go. When this man dies, there will be no one left to bury him, and properly send his soul to heaven.Last is their world view. They believe that the world was created by other beings that came from the sea and gave life to the world. They in addition believe that different kinds of animals gave the geography to the land, shaping it after their own characteristics. An example of such, the winding path of the hills were created by the snake, who slithered his way through them. The Aborigines are very strict about following their guidelines according to their world view.

Rosenbergs Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his Poem :: The Wasps Nest Poetry Poems Essays

Rosenbergs Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his verse The white Anglo-Saxon Protestants NestConceptualize a world full moon of people that isolate and alienate you-aplace where you dont librate or make a difference. This is ace of themajor concerns in the Wasps Nest. Rosenberg appeals to our intellectutilizing technical literary ingredients to spice up and intuitive feeling thepoem. My project is an analysis of his rehearse of words and phrases tocommunicate themes in his poem and to see how the poem has been madememorable. To me, the poem on its own is a metaphor portraying lifeand its elements of uncertainty and others.In line 1 Two aerial tigers, the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants are cosmos referred to asaerial tigers because they do all their activities in the air(aerial). They are referred to as tigers for two reasons. The brinyone being that they are ragingly ferocious and much undomesticated.The second one is describes their physical outward appearance as theyare yellow with sour stripes just like the tiger. The use of languagehere is in truth descriptive and this line being a metaphor aids the figure of speech to be conceived on the mental canvas.Line 1 is memorable because it is kinda unique the way one can findsuch descriptive to perfectly describe the scenario.Striped in ebony and gold. The use of sophisticated and exclusiveadjectives which are (ebony and gold) to illustrate the waspsappearance shows how fascinated and beguiled Rosenberg is by thewasps.This line contributes to the memorability of the poem. This is bythe adoption of classy words to leave the words echoing in our mindsand it is savoured and relished by the reader.Line 3-5 describes the state in which the wasps are in and how theywent almost their preparation of their home. Here, we assume that thetwo wasps are of the opposite sex thus, in all probability married or are livingtheir lives together. Therefore, another rational self-reliance is thatthese two wasps are bu ilding a home, an investiture that they can component parttogether and reside within.These lines are made memorable because they unfailingly restrain andrelate to our daily lives.Line 7-9 depicts how worthless and valueless this huge investmentis to Rosenberg or the persona and then again, I find these linesringing in my head because it is indeed an example of lifes badsides- when one takes their time to put something together and heworships it with every fibre of his being but before others, it isinsignificant.Line 10-14, is about how the persona has endeavored and made an effort to exonerate and get rid of the wasps.

Physical Layer Of Osi Model :: Networks Telecommunications

AbstractThe natural bed is the lowest layer of the Open Source Interconnect Model (OSI). It is the layer that deals with all the measurable, natural entities associated with the network. At this layer it is specified how much bandwidth (Baseband or Broadband) will be used in the transmittal of data on the network. This layer as well includes the physical topology (physical lay out) of the network such as Bus, Star, reverberance or Mesh. The Physical grade includes these devices Network Interface Cards (NICs), Transceivers, Hubs, Multistation door Units (MAUs), Repeaters and Cables. It is at this layer that frames received from the Data Link layer argon converted to bits for transmission oer the network media to the receiving machines Physical Layer.The Physical Layer defines all electrical and physical specifications for devices. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, and cable specifications. The major functions and services performed by the Physical Layer are e stablishment and termination of a federation to a communications medium, vocalizationicipation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among multiple users, modulation, or conversion between the model of digital data in user equipment and the corresponding signals transmitted over a communications channel. These are signals operating over the physical cabling dogshit and fiber optic. (OSI Model, 2005)The Physical Layer is special compared to the other layers of the model, because it is the solitary(prenominal) one where data is physically moved across the network interface. only of the other layers perform useful functions to create messages to be sent, but they essential all be transmitted down the protocol stack to the Physical Layer, where they are actually sent out over the network.(Kozierok, 2004)Physical Layer also specifies how much of the media will be used during the data transmission referred to as Baseband or Broadband signaling. 1. Baseband Signaling Technology in which a network uses all available signal frequencies or the entire bandwidth i.e., nearly LAN technologies corresponding Ethernet. 2. Broadband Signaling Technology in which a network uses only one frequency or a part of the entire bandwidth i.e., multiple signals can be transmitted over a media simultaneously like TV signals, where you have various channels like CNBC, MTV, BBC, each on a different frequency and hence each occupies a part of the bandwidth. (Chandrasekaran, 2002)The Physical Layer also deals with the way a network is laid out which is referred to as the topology of a network.

Parris Island :: essays research papers

PARRIS ISLAND get going OFF MY BUS. YOU HAVE TEN SECONDS TO GET YOUR THINGS, GET OFF MY BUS, AND GET ON THE FOOTPRINTS OUTSIDE. It was the middle of the night, we had just arrived by bus from the airport and we were scared to death. Welcome to Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, Parris Island, southwesterly Carolina. This is a brief overview of Parris Island as seen through the eyes of Recruit Smith, Platoon 1040, B Company.Marine Corps complaint camp is thirteen weeks of physical and rational anguish. There are three phases to the USMC knock camp each with its own ch all in allenges. If you can make it through and survive, you will have gain the title Marine.During the root two weeks you are with what is called an Initial drill Instructor. His craft is to get you used to life on Parris Island. The first two weeks is a whirlwind of activity where you receive everything you will need to guide you to graduation from boot camp. Your clothes, supplies, and rifle are issued to you. You learn the basics of group marching as one and yes, your hair is completely shaved off. After the first two weeks, its time to meet the Drill Instructors who will be with you morning, noon, and night for the next eleven weeks.We stood at attention on a solid yellow line in front of our bunks as our Drill Instructors were introduced to us. This was a very intimidating experience. They looked mean and angry and shouted degrading and demoralizing slurs at us. Phase I had officially begun.Phase I of boot camp focused on three main issues physical Training (PT), Drill, and Learning the History of the Marine Corps. This is the foundation for which the rest of boot camp is built on. Physical training is geared toward strength and conditioning. By the end of boot camp we will be able to dismission five miles without breaking a sweat. Drill is learning to make out as one. There are no individuals in the Marine Corps. Its all about being a team. On the battlefield you need to perform as a cohesive unit in order to be successful. Learning the history of the Marine Corps is to let you know who came to begin with you and Marine Corps values. You learn the famous battles the Marines fought in. They teach you to take overcharge in the uniform you wear and always uphold the reputation of a Marine.

stop spanking: save the children Essay examples -- essays research pap

jocund has been physical exercise for many a(prenominal) years and it must come to an end. Also cognise as corporal penalization, beat up is most often used as a form of educate. Although it is said to have some benefits, the negative consequences far-off outweigh the good. According to Dr. Wilson and Dr. Lyon, physical punishment delivered in anger with the life to cause pain is unacceptable and dangerous to the health and well existence of the child.( Guidance for Effective Discipline, online) It is important for spanking to stop because it is in in effect(p), causes more problems and because at that place are other options to consider. While many parents are still spanking their children when they are being naughty, they do not stop to consider how effective this method is. Is this method really working? A question Dr. Phil McGraw asks is what does a child learn by being hit?(Three Questions to Ask forwards terrific, online) The answer to this question is different for every child, but in many instances you are telling your child that violence is acceptable and that it is an okay office to react when youre mad .(Three Questions to Ask Before Spanking, online) Although commonly used throughout households with children, not much butt joint be said for spankings dogged term success. To begin with, the only way to remark the original effect of spanking, is to increase the force with which it is delivered. This can quickly come to the fore into abuse. (Guidance for Effective Discipline, online) Using spanking as a method can turn into a quick fix whenever the child misbehaves, rather than utilize other rational techniques for each scenario. Finally, positive reinforcement and other discipline techniques are more difficult to implement when spanking has been used as a primary method of discipline. (Guidance for Effective Discipline, online) As might be expected, the lack of effectiveness also leads to negative consequences and more problems. C ontinued use of spanking can lead to some harmful effects and long lasting negative lessons. It is common knowledge that children learn from what they are taught. What lessons would the care our child to learn from spanking? According to L.D. Eron, spanking models aggressive port as a solution to conflict and has been associated with the increased aggression in preschool and school children. (Guidance for Effective Discipline, online) The c... ...ful. Spanking must stop, because no child should break dance at the hands of their parents.Works CitedCohen P. How can generative theories of effective punishment be tested? pediatric medicine 1996 98834-836Graziano AM, Subabusive Violence in pip-squeak Rearing in Middle-class American Families. Pediatrics 1996 98845-848Eron Ld search and public policy. Pediatrics 1996 98821-823McGraw, Phil M.D. Age-Appropriate Discipline TechniquesOnline.Available http//www.drphil.com/advice/advice_landing.jhtml? office=Parenting (accessed July 4, 20 05)McGraw, Phil M.D. Spanking ResearchOnline.Availablehttp//www.drphil.com/advice/advice_landing.jhtml?section=Parenting (accessed July 4, 2005)McGraw, Phil M.D. Three Questions to Ask Before SpankingOnline.Available http//www.drphil.com/advice/advice_landing.jhtml?section=Parenting (accessed July 4, 2005)Strauss Murray PhD et al. Spanking by Parents and Subsequent Antisocial Behavior of Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine 1997Wilson DR, Lyman RD Time-out in the treatment of childhood behaviour problems murder and research issues Child Family Behaviour Therapy 1982 4 5-20

Effects Of Postmodernism In Relation To Communication And Society Essay

The movement occurred after 1945 is postmodernism which had shown its powerful personal effect in every aspect of flavor. Its a movement that passelt be defined with a simple sendence because postmodernism has lots of components and directions. A postmodernist reflects historys theological interpretations. When we talk some post-modernism we also take the concept modernism in our concept. Postmodernism is defined think to modernism as the legalization of illegal percents of modernism. modernity and postmodernity appear and reappear in philosophical, literary and other texts in what is at first sight a bewildering array of guises. Postmodernism combines simultaneous fragmentation and blurring of boundaries in a universe where no absolute truth governs the definition of creation and morality. This is in contrast to modernism, which emphasizes the coming together of the multifaceted, sometimes conflicting aspects of life into a interrelated whole that can be realized. Postmod ernism accepts the conflicts as the cadence mode of existence. Unlike the consensus sought by modernism, postmodernism accepts discensus, and so far proclaims that one unified way of seeing things is impossible. Postmodernism undermines the modernist notion of what Jean-Francois Lyotard describes as meta-narratives, or over-arching, absolute stories that condone the nature of the world. One of the difficulties with meta-narratives is that they only present the world from one perspective, even when it may make sense from several different angles. Trying to bear on everything to be seen only through the eyes of one point of get is referred to as colonization. The term can be used abstractly or figuratively to describe imposing a certain view or interpretation of something, but it is derived from examining the political and social domination that has been exercised over little nations and minorities by Imperialism and ethnocentrism. Postmodernism tends to encourage placing value on the unassimilated other- on accepting and respecting differences and not oppressing the other. The postmodern celebration of difference can be seen in the observational nature of postmodern art, architecture, and writing. These forms usually take liberties with conventional forms, and often see bricolage, which is combining different forms and styles in a collage-like fashion. Sociology and the society has a sorry role ... ... always hidden in these works of art or these kinds of communicators. The artist or architect decides his content in his mind and reflects it in his works. The way to communicate with society is the works of the people whom wants to give a message to society. The receiver is the society and they take the message given by the communicators after these touch ones. The main purpose of all these are to give the message to the society, which is the receiver. After that society takes the message and the message effects every part of society differently. Every receiver takes the message differently and different effects are created on society. As a result, after all the process postmodernism is an eminently contestable concept. As its reference points emerge in the philosophers, social theorists, film makers, painters, sculptors, photographers, architects, designers, novelists, poets and even politicians and generals, they create major crises of interpretation. This movement had a big success when its observed in communication. The message sent to the receivers very successfully also receivers had a communication between themselves so postmodernism effected all aspects of social life.

To Know a Fly Essay example -- Vincent G. Dethier To Know a Fly Essays

To Know a Fly The book, To Know a Fly by Vincent G. Dethier, is about a scientist who fell in love with the fly. Professor Dethier isnt like close to scientists who ar idolized for their accomplishments and rejected for the lack of ability to communicate with society. He was known for being an outstanding researcher, and he also had the wonderful endue of communication. The fact that he was fascinated by the knowledge that could be obtained from such a simple species, such as the fly, also made him universal with the public. The main focus of the book involves Professor Dethier designing and performing versatile experiments. Each experiment done by Professor Dethier is very simple, wherefore the proofreader is informed, and as Professor Dethier adds interesting facts about the experiments of the fly the reader can interpret it easier. Professor Dethier begins the book by explaining how science and scientist argon often misunderstood. He continues by stating that anyone can b e a scientist if they pauperization wish. However, they must posses certain characteristics such as love for nature, curiosity of life, and a soaring imagination. After convincing the reader that they can understand and prise science, Professor Dethier begins to inform the reader about the fly. He begins by argue the fly. Most everyone has a mutual understanding that travel are pests and are often considered to be disease infested. Most people dont even want to be in the presence of a fly. Moreover, flies arent ...

A Different Life :: essays research papers

                                             A Different Life          Silence came in one-seventh grade. It was in seventh grade that I began the frontmost of six long time at a private school. In those six historic period I realized that it was non only I who had lost their verbalise I was one among many who were denied the opportunity to speak. I distinctly remember the first time they betrayed me and informed me that my voice was invalid. A close friend of exploit from elementary school wanted to attend and I was telling others about(predicate) him- telling them how neat he was. The three people whom I had entangle I could trust- the skipper, academic dean, and dean of students- cornered me and attacked me for things that I had supposedly said. They did n ot believe me when I pleaded my case, saying, "He is my friend. Why would I say such horrible things?" They three looked at each other, stuck their noses in the air and only if explained that it sounded like the kind of thing I would do. They did not know me. They had accept a rumor as truth. They attacked me and disregarded my testimony. Unfortunately, this moment was merely the generator of the silencing. It continued until the day I graduated. They condemned me for world curious and outspoken and lively. They take out me down for every brilliant idea I proposed, telling me that it was against the rules. I lived, quite literally, in this silence. I could not win by being myself, so I engulfed myself in obtaining their approval through silence and obedience. And I remember exactly what he said to me when I left. On June 4, 1999 my headmaster said to me, "Saint James has really changed you. Youve really calmed down a lot. Youve become a real lady." I finally ga ined his approval, but at what cost? Even then, when I was leaving, I could not find the voice to scream at him and tell him how deeply he had hurt me. I did not have the voice to tell him about all the cark he had brought me. I did not have the voice to tell him that I would have forfeited all of the "ladiness" I had gained over six years if I could have my voice back. Saint James taught me to bottle my emotions, because whenever I was open with them I would get in trouble.

The Roswell Incident :: essays research papers fc

The people of the world drive always had a sable belief that Earth wasnt the onlyplanet in the universe that support life. This belief dates back to ancient times when heavenlyand demonic stories were told of gods who strode crossways the skies on their golden chariots. Talesas far fetched as Zeus who threw buoy up bolts from his fingertips to stories as credible as theAmerican Indians Cachinas, who supposedly taught them to farm and relieve them from numerousdisasters. The Egyptians, who built their mammoth pyramids with only the use of man power, employ hieroglyphics. These same hieroglyphics have been un get rid oficially documented as being similarto symbols found on unidentified aircraft wreckage found in several incidences oer the past fiftyyears (Montgomery 225-32, 236-37). Are these stories all mere junction? Some researchersthink not and have continued to unveil overbold evidence that is believably true. Recently, new factshave been brought up on the or so document ed UFO (unidentified flying object) sighting of alltime the Roswell resultant.The Roswell Incident is a UFO crash that occurred at 1130 p.m. on July 4th, 1947 inRoswell, New Mexico (Randal 10). Mac Brazel, a local New Mexico rancher, observed aconsiderable amount of unusual debris while ride out on horseback early in the morning to tink his sheep afterwards a night of intense thunderstorms. He reported to Sheriff George Wilcoxafter driving into Roswell, that the aircraft had created a shallow gouge several hundred feet persistentand was scattered over a large area. Sheriff Wilcox then notified authorities at the Roswell ArmyAir Field and with the assistance of his deputies, proceeded to investigate the matter. Shortlyafter the 509th Bomb Group arrived from their station 35 miles away (Walker 38), they closed offthe area for a number of days and retrieved the wreckage. The debris was initially interpreted toRoswell Army Air Field and eventually flown to Wright Field in Dayton, O hio (Jeffrey). in frontthe military could intervene, the event had already been witnessed by more than one-hundredpeople. Local police, extract squad, and curious members of the Roswell community make up thesepeople. A lot of them were divulge of the initial recovery team and are now telling their stories thathave been bottled up for nearly a half of a century (Randal 11). gibe to one unnamed witness of the Roswell recovery team,The crash site was litter with pieces of the aircraft. Something about thesize of a fighter plane had crashed, the metal was dissimilar anything Id ever seenbefore. I picked up a piece the size of a car fender with one hand, it couldnt have